tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26809873279492269392024-02-20T04:55:37.932-08:00How to write abstract for research paperfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.comBlogger185125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-16066892938918088832020-08-27T01:28:00.001-07:002020-08-27T01:28:08.266-07:00Advanced Accounting Sale and Leaseback TransactionsQuestion: Examine about theAdvanced Accountingfor Sale and Leaseback Transactions. Answer: Potential Benefits Accruable to Lion Nathan Reinvestment of the working capital acknowledged into the companys tasks From this demonstration, Nathan had the option to raise $20 million from the deal and leaseback of its portfolio dependent on the past budget summaries of the period. These acknowledged benefits can be reinvested once more into the companys tasks and differentiate its brew brands to other capital markets [1]. Boosting Cashflows According to the case, Lion Nathans activity of surveying the proprietorship that it has in its 41 bars working in Melbourne and Geelong makes a possible open door for the deal and leaseback choices for its inn resources. With a proceeded with desire that authoritative understandings for the drawn out gracefully of lager to the market, this makes an advantage of raising the offer cost just as the premium. Probability of maintaining a strategic distance from potential dangers related with possessing the brewer resources Since Lion Nathan is focused on holding and growing proprietorship and control of the portfolio, investors riches will initially get expanded. Further, broadening of Nathan's portfolio in inns in the brewer, for example, The Imperial and Pugg Mahone's, and Albert Park Hotel will empower Lion to stay away from dangers related with proprietors every one of these properties. A Finance Lease As indicated by the paper article, the related rent is a capital rent. As a matter of first importance, the article expresses that one key prerequisite for the agreement is long haul contracts for the flexibly game plans which is a trait for a capital rent (Stice, 2013). The agreement just becomes to presence after articulation of enthusiasm from the intrigued bars with regards to Melbourne and Geelong. Furthermore, Lion Nathan can profit by its rental resources in inns whereby all the commitments are believed to be recordable as resources for the firm. The future rent installments, for instance, the acquisition of binge gave chances of not attributable to the lodgings for the brewer required a special case in operations[2]. Further, Lion Nathans center to switch its speculations over all brands, subsequently a capital rent. Lion Nathan's explanation that it was not wanting to discard its settings but instead stayed focused on the maintenance of possession and control of the portfolio shows this was a capital rent (Gettler, 2004). Book reference Gettler, L. (2004). Lion Nathan reconsiders blocks and Porter system. Budgetary Accounting in the News, 3. Stice, E., Stice, J. (2013). Middle Accounting. Boston: Cengage Learning. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-88130428012095186162020-08-22T10:11:00.001-07:002020-08-22T10:11:43.257-07:00The Dutch OvenThe Dutch Oven is an old form of a skillet or simmering dish. The dutch Ovens began creation in the 1700's. Dutch broilers are as yet utilized for some, things, similar to shoemakers and meals. Dutch broilers were made of metal in the main couple of years that they were made. At that point a man by the name of Abraham Darby visited the Netherlands and needed to watch the creation of the Dutch Oven. At the point when he made sense of how to make the broiler he made a trip back to England. At the point when he got back he was attempting to figure out how to make a less expensive adaptation of the stove. His creation was made of a progressively efficient metal of cast iron. The Americans got some answers concerning these dutch broilers and they brought them into their states. The celebrated nationalist Paul Revere was credited with including the peg legs the pots and the level top cover with a rack that would hold the coals. The entirety of the pioneers and the homesteaders that have moved to america utilized these pot on account of their sturdiness and there adaptability. At the point when Lewis and Clark set out on there articles they took a Dutch Oven with them right through the american west. The Dutch broiler was one of the numerous things that Lewis and Clark carried home with them toward the finish of there piece. In the time of 1896 a man by the name of Joseph Lodge established an organization that would make and sell Dutch stoves. This organization was situated in the territory of Tennessee. The name of this organization is considered Lodge the proprietor named it after himself. Today the organization is sells more dutch broilers than any of the other organization's on the planet. There was additionally another organization that was established it was called Le Creuset. Le Creuset was assembled and developed in the French town of Fresnoy-le-Grand. This organization made Dutch Ovens and cooking supplies like Lodge did. Le Creuset is acclaimed for the great nature of its iron and for the great nature of their finish coatings. Despite the fact that the Dutch stove is a more established style of pot today is as yet used to prepare food. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-59941416850149131442020-08-21T07:53:00.001-07:002020-08-21T07:53:42.709-07:00How to Choose the Best Online Paper Writing ServiceHow to Choose the Best Online Paper Writing ServiceIt may not be easy to get the best online paper writing service at a low price. Most of the time, you would have to pay more just to get the same quality of paper. In order to find a good paper writing service, you should consider a few factors before choosing one that suits your needs.One thing you should check is the experience of the person who will be doing the paper writing service for you. You want to be sure that he or she is experienced enough to do so, and that the quality of the work is not at all compromised. You would want someone who can do the best work possible, and not just put up quality paper. This is especially important if you have a lot of things that need to be printed on a single sheet of paper.Another thing you should consider is whether the person can provide special paper in a style that matches your requirements. You may need to print a flyer or any other pamphlets or flyers in a specific format. The best p aper should be able to easily handle this, but this is not always the case. Usually this happens when the person who is doing the work is a bit unreliable and does not always deliver what he promises.In case you do not have a certain budget for this kind of service, you can consider outsourcing your needs. This can be done by an online printer, or a printing company. They have the experience to create unique papers with your personal preferences in mind.If you are on a tight budget, you should also consider finding a paper writing service on a per-job basis. This way you can choose the best person for the job based on their qualities and experience. It is always cheaper to get the best person than to spend for several services to do the job for you.You can also find a paper writing service that offers free paper templates to use in their websites. If you need basic formats for brochures or a newsletter, this would be a great service to provide. You can even request a paper template that can be used for years to come, as it would only need to be printed once every so often.Paper works of high quality are essential to any company or organization. This is why you should look for a paper writing service that can provide you with the best results in terms of quality, uniqueness, style, and cost. These are the features that you need to look for, and not the quantity of services a certain paper writing service can offer.Do not think that just because you do not have a budget for the best online paper writing service, you can still get a high quality output. With the help of your web browser, you can find the best paper writing service in your area. The right choice of paper writer for your paper works is only a mouse click away. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-34597849671011480782020-05-25T03:37:00.001-07:002020-05-25T03:37:03.238-07:00The United States and Japan After World War II After suffering devastating casualties at each others hands during World War II, the U.S. and Japan were able to forge a strong postwar diplomatic alliance. The U.S. State Department still refers to the American-Japanese relationship as the cornerstone of U.S. security interests in Asia and . . . fundamental to regional stability and prosperity. The Pacific half of World War II, which began with Japans attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941, ended almost four years later when Japan surrendered to American-led Allies on September 2, 1945. The surrender came after the United States had dropped two atomic bombs on Japan. Japan lost some 3 million people in the war. Immediate Post-War Relations The victorious allies put Japan under international control. U.S. General Douglas MacArthur was the supreme commander for the reconstruction of Japan. Goals for reconstruction were democratic self-government, economic stability, and peaceful Japanese co-existence with the community of nations. The United States allowed Japan to keep its emperor ââ¬âà Hirohitoà ââ¬â after the war. However, Hirohito had to renounce his divinity and publicly support Japans new constitution. Japans U.S.-approved constitution granted full freedoms to its citizen, created a congress ââ¬â or Diet, and renounced Japans ability to make war. That provision, Article 9 of the constitution, was obviously an American mandate and reaction to the war. It read, Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as a mean of settling international disputes. In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized. Japans post-war constitution became official on May 3, 1947, and Japanese citizens elected a new legislature. The U.S. and other allies signed a peace treaty in San Francisco formally ending the war in 1951. Security Agreement With a constitution that would not permit Japan to defend itself, the U.S. had to take on that responsibility. Communist threats in the Cold War were very real, and U.S. troops had already used Japan as a base from which to fight communist aggression in Korea. Thus, the United States orchestrated the first of a series of security agreements with Japan. Simultaneous with the San Francisco treaty, Japan and the United States signed their first security treaty. In the treaty, Japan allowed the United States to base army, navy, and air force personnel in Japan for its defense. In 1954, the Diet began creating Japanese ground, air, and sea self-defense forces. The JDSFs are essentially part of local police forces due to the constitutional restrictions. Nevertheless, they have completed missions with American forces in the Middle East as part of the War on Terror.ââ¬â¹ The United States also began returning parts of the Japanese islands back to Japan for territorial control. It did so gradually, returning part of the Ryukyu islands in 1953, the Bonins in 1968, and Okinawa in 1972. Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security In 1960, the United States and Japan signed the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. The treaty allows the U.S. to keep forces in Japan. Incidents of American servicemen raping Japanese children in 1995 and 2008 led to heated calls for the reduction of American troop presence in Okinawa. In 2009, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Japanese Foreign Minister Hirofumi Nakasone signed the Guam International Agreement (GIA). The agreement called for the removal of 8,000 U.S. troops to a base in Guam. Security Consultative Meeting In 2011, Clinton and U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates met with Japanese delegates, reaffirming the U.S.-Japanese military alliance. The Security Consultative Meeting, according to the State Department, outlined regional and global common strategic objectives and highlighted ways to strengthen security and defense cooperation. Other Global Initiatives Both the United States and Japan belong to a variety of global organizations, including the United Nations, World Trade Organization, G20, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperative (APEC). Both have worked together on such issues as HIV/AIDS and global warming. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-70841880027359376502020-05-14T10:31:00.001-07:002020-05-14T10:31:09.287-07:00Major Figures and Events in African Historyfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-2030241068322960782020-05-06T15:05:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:05:37.946-07:00Essay on Aboriginals in Residential School Systems Adam Migchels Migchels 1 Sociology 101 Barry McClinchey November 7, 2012 Aboriginals In Residential Schools In todayââ¬â¢s society, the residential school system is a place where young children are not only taught math and science, but also about equality and discrimination. However, a lot has changed since the residential school system was first introduced in Canada. It was once a place where teachers treated students differently depending upon their gender, and what their background was; in particular, Aboriginals were treated very poorly (Marcuse et al., 1993). Sociologists have many views on the topic of Aboriginal treatment in schools, and throughout this essay, the ideas of gender assumptions, socializationâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦So therefore, the socialization agent education would force these children out of their culture, which would largely affect another socialization agent, family. The influence these children got from their education was so controversial to the influence from their family because they were being taught two different ways of life (Marcuse et al., 1993). Once again, the conflict theory is demonstrated because the power that the Caucasians have is shown by the way they force their ways on the Aboriginals. Finally, the Aboriginals were treated with vast amounts of social inequality. In particular, the idea of social stratification is largely visible when it comes to looking at how the Aboriginals were treated in the school system. Social inequality occurs when a personââ¬â¢s attributes affect their access to socially valued resources (McClinchey 2012). Social stratification is a hierarchy that exists among social classes of people (McClinchey, 2012). Obviously the background that the Aboriginals have is the reason for them being discriminated against by the Caucasian people, and the Caucasian Migchels 4 peopleââ¬â¢s reasoning comes from their knowledge of the social stratification. In particular, from the movie, it was shown that the entire culture of the Aboriginals was trying to be destroyed (Marcuse et al., 1993). TheyShow MoreRelatedA Residential School Legacy1002 Words à |à 5 PagesA Residential School Legacy From the late 1800s to the 1980s, more than 100,000 First Nations children in Canada attended residential schools (Llewellyn, 2008, p. 258).2 To attend these schools, children were taken away from their families and communities. At the schools, the children suffered from emotional, physical, sexual and spiritual abuse (Steckley amp; Cummins, 2001, p. 191). The worst abuses were often used as punishment for speaking their indigenous languages (Petten, 2007, p. 22). TheRead MoreThe Impacts of the Residential School System on the Aboriginal People of Canada1017 Words à |à 4 Pagesdiversity in nature. This alone poses a distinct challenge to understanding a unified conception of Aboriginal Geographies of Canada - particularly for understanding the Geographies of The Canadian Residential Schools System (RSS). The Canadian Residential School System was an early government led approach to Indigenous ââ¬Ëdevelopmentââ¬â¢. It was initially implemented to educate the ââ¬Ëuncivilise dââ¬â¢ Aboriginal populations of Canada as a way to assimilate Indigenous people into the colonial settler populationRead MoreTruth, Reconciliation, Healing : A Curriculum1478 Words à |à 6 PagesAbstract This paper brings together the two perspectives of residential school abuse and the viewpoint of healing. Intergenerational effects have been created due to residential school and have devastating impacts on Aboriginal communities. This paper explores how a school curriculum would help spread awareness of the wrongs committed against Aboriginal communities and how we can set the path for healing. From the 1880s to 1996, residential schools were operated in Canada by the church and the CanadianRead MoreThe Indian Residential School System852 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Indian residential school system was brought upon by the Canadian government with the Christian churches running them. The schools were an attempt to eradicate Indigenous culture and to coerce the Indigenous children into assimilating with white European culture under the assumption that the European lifestyle was superior to the ââ¬Ësavagesââ¬â¢ that were aboriginals. (Jacobs) The principle of the Gordonââ¬â¢s reserve school even stated that ââ¬Å"change the philosophy of the Indian child. In other words sinceRead MoreOut Of The Depths Shines A Light On Residential Schools1395 Words à |à 6 PagesIsabelle Knockwoodââ¬â¢s novel Out of The Depths shines a light on Residential Schools in Canada through the first hand accounts of twenty-seven survivors who attended the Shubenacadie Indian Residential S chool. Although Knockwoodââ¬â¢s compilation of accounts are all from students of one residential school, the treatments and experiences echo the sentiments of students and authors over a much greater area. The affects of Residential Schools have had a lasting impact, affecting communities and individualRead MoreThe Aboriginal Quality Of Life Within Canada1259 Words à |à 6 Pages When discussing the Aboriginal quality of life within Canada there are several issues that come to mind, such as health, education, housing and our Canadian-Indigenous relationship (First Ministers And National Aboriginal Leaders, 2005, p. 1). However, many times Canadians neglect to distinguish the root of the issue. While residential schools may be addressed and looked upon historically, the traumas and effects are still particularly palpable for many Indigenous communities. For this reason, itRead MoreFirst Nation or Aboriginal People of Canada Essay1218 Words à |à 5 PagesCanada; the ones that are called First Nation people, or Aboriginals? What is the government doing for them? Why are First Nations people suffering the worst in Canada? ââ¬Å"55.6% of the poor are aboriginals and a lot of them live in reserves around Canada that Canadian government have put them in. For those who leave the reserves to get a better living the suffer from racism from Canadian societyâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Aboriginalâ⬠). This essay will argue that aboriginals are treated unethically from a catholic perspectiveRead MoreResidential Schools, a Legacy of Shame2808 Words à |à 12 Pagestreated as sub-humans; savages with no religion, intelligence, or right to live. This general idea has carried through-out the history of our supposedly great country; Canada. This essay will examine the residential school system in depth. It will then relate the Canadian Government s actions in response to residential schools, good and bad. From the late nineteenth century until well into the twentieth century, the Government of Canada worked vigorously to enforce their legislative war against IndiannessRead MoreResidential School Vs. Residential Schools1463 Words à |à 6 Pageswithin the first nations course was residential schools, and how they were one of many elements to the colonization of the First Nations peoples. When in class talking about residential schools could be summed up with discussing displacement and how the Europeans would take indigenous children to schools far from their homes, cut their hair, and feed them food they weren t used to. According to Eric Hanson, ââ¬Å"Two primary objectives of the residential school system were to remove and isolate childrenRead MoreHave Aboriginal Canadians Been Victims Of Genocide Essay1850 Words à |à 8 PagesHave Aboriginal Canadians been victims of genocide? Canada is portrayed as a country of peace and equality, however there is a dark history of genocide that is often forgotten by Canadians. In this essay I would like to explore Canadaââ¬â¢s cultural genocide of the aboriginal and first nations people and how it differs from a regular genocide. Genocide is defined as the killing or extermination of a group of people. The word comes from the Greek word geno, which means race. Also the latin word cide fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-31917814556989192042020-05-05T16:37:00.001-07:002020-05-05T16:37:24.005-07:00Professional Code of Ethics Free Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about theProfessional Code of Ethics. Answer: Declaration: I declare that the assignment is based on my own work and that all material previously written or published in any source by any other person has been duly acknowledged in the assignment. I have not submitted this work, or a significant part thereof, previously as part of any academic program. In submitting this assignment I give ACS permission to copy for assessment purposes only. Australian Computer Society Professional Code of Ethics As an ACS member, you must uphold and advance the honor, dignity and effectiveness of being a professional. This entails, in addition to being a good citizen and acting within the law, your conformance to the following ACS values (www.acs.org.au 2018). The Primacy of the Public Interest You will place the interests of the public above those of personal, business or sectional interests. The Enhancement of Quality of Life You will strive to enhance the quality of life of those affected by your work. Honesty You will be honest in your representation of skills, knowledge, services and products. Competence You will work competently and diligently for your stakeholders. Professional Development You will enhance your own professional development, and that of your staff. Professionalism You will enhance the integrity of the ACS and the respect of its members for each other. For the purpose of solving the ethical dilemma the following steps re to be undertaken in accordance with the Mcdonalds Framework Step one: Recognizing the moral conflict Sally is the IT manager and she had given the HAN the responsibility of developing the website for government department of tourism. However She faces a ethical dilemma.In this situation the ethical Dilemma that has been identified is whether Sally should take responsibility for the fault of the website that exposed of the operations of the government or whether she should blame HAN the public servant who was in charge of developing the tourism website. Step Two: Identifying the relevant stakeholders The main stakeholders involved in this given scenario are: Sally, Han, the tourism department of the government. It can be said that Sally in this given scenario had a fiduciary duty to the government as she is employed as the IT manager. By virtue of being the IT manager she has the responsibility of checking the operations of he website. However the website had been developed by Han and therefore Sally impose the liability of the website on Han. Step three: Values involved The values of ACS code of ethics that are involved in this given scenario are (acs.org.au 2018): Honesty Professionalism Competence The values of ACS code of conduct that are involved in this given scenario are (Acs.org.au 2018): Code 1.2.3.c) Honesty Code 1.2.1.a) Primacy of public interest Code 1.2.4f) Competence Code 1.2.1e) Primacy of Public interest Code 1.2.1 c) Primacy of Public interest Step Five: Assessing similar situations The sections of the 180-183 of the Corporations Act 2001 state that the officers of every organization must act in a fair and diligent way and must act in good faith. Thus in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 she must take responsibility of her actions. Step Six: Discussing the decision with relevant people In this case Sally can discuss the dilemma with the relevant stakeholders and which include senior managers, colleagues, friends and family members Step seven: Analysis of the decision in accordance with legal and organizational rules Thus in this case it can be stated that Sally must take responsibility of the fault of the website. Step Eight: The comfort level of the decision In this case Sally must take the responsibility of the fault of website as it would assure her that she acted fairly and in the best interests of the tourism department Bibliography ACS Code of Professional Conduct Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society. (2014). 1st ed. Australian Computer Society Professional Code of Ethics Corporation Act 2001 Acs.org.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. Acs.org.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/rules-and-regulations/Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-77198201527626228342020-04-07T04:02:00.001-07:002020-04-07T04:02:03.949-07:00Lord Of The Flies The Evil free essay sample Lord Of The Flies- The Evil A ; Primitivism In Man Essay, Research Paper The Evil A ; Primitivism in Man In the narrative Lord of the Flies Ralph, the democratic character, and Jack, the dictator are the most of import chief characters. Ralph is the voice of hope on the island, and without that, the male childs would hold turned to savagery much faster, and under the control of Jack. William Golding uses Ralph and his character foil, Jack, to demo how civilisation works and how it doesn # 8217 ; t. Jack, the head of the huntsmans, represents the concealed human passion and about carnal inhuman treatment, and Ralph, who represents human common sense to demo how civlization is. This narrative is an fable. This means the character, events and puting represent deeper truths or generalisations so those suggested by the surface narrative. There are four chief characters, and each character represents different types of people in the universe. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord Of The Flies The Evil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jack is the dictator who uses force to demo his ideas and feelings. Therefore he is the destructive side of adult male. He is the type of individual who would instead hold merriment and satisfaction over work. On the other manus Ralph is the truster in democracy and equity. He is the voice of hope, and the responsible type of individual. The male childs on the island, allegorically demo what the human civilisation is like. Ralph stands for order and behavior of society. Each chapter begins with order, which means that Ralph has control. Ralph uses the conch to demo order and the right to talk. By the terminal of each chapter there is no order and there is normally chaos, this shows that evil and/or fright has control, intending Jack has control. Allegorically in the universe it would be a legislative authorities versus a military type of authorities. Where Ralph is the legislative and Jack is military. The upset caused by Jack, threatens the island and the society that Ralph has tried so difficult to organize. Ralph wants to hold a fire, so they can be rescued, but Jack is more disquieted about holding merriment so being rescued and this is a major struggle. The fire is a symbol for hope and enlightenment, but when it gets out of control it becomes really destructive. Anything without order and control can go destructive, this is why Ralph is so of import to the society. The two character foils, Ralph and Jack, have different thoughts and want different things. Ralph wants huts and a signal fire. The huts which stand for civilisation and the signal fire is needed to acquire rescued. This shows that Ralph creates and physiques. On the opposite terminal of that is Jack. Jack wants to run and kill hogs and have fun. This shows crudeness. Jack is shown as a individual who kills and destroys. Here is the struggle ; making and constructing versus violent death and destroying. Ralph asks Jack what he wants: # 8221 ; Don # 8217 ; t you want to be rescued? All you talk about is pig, hog, hog! # 8221 ; And Jack answers him and tells him what he wants: # 8220 ; But we want meat! # 8221 ; This tells us that Ralph and Jack will non settle their differences. Right from the start integrity of society is threatened by the different intents of the male childs. Ralph was neer comfy with crudeness, but Jack instead enjoyed it. Ralph thinks to himself: # 8220 ; He would wish to hold a bath, a proper wallow with soap # 8230 ; and decided that a toothbrush would come in ready to hand too. # 8221 ; Ralph resists crudeness strongly but is still sucked into it. Even though he resists crudeness, he still went on a hog Hunt and when he gets a pang at the hog, he becomes really proud of himself, and ends up basking the Hunt really much. This shows that every homo has an evil side. Even Ralph, who is the 1 who perfectly hates crudeness. The dead pilot in the tree suggests that worlds have de-evolved, gone backwards in development. Ralph calls: ââ¬Å"If merely they could direct a message to usâ⬠¦ a mark or something.â⬠The dead pilot was the mark that the existent universe isnââ¬â¢t making any better so they were making on the island. Jack objects to making things that Ralph tells the whole group of the male childs to make, every bit good he objects to Ralph # 8217 ; s being main. Ralph still believes in the conch, and thinks it still holds some order: # 8220 ; Jack! Jack! You haven # 8217 ; t got the conch! Let me speak. # 8221 ; Again Ralph refers to the regulations: # 8220 ; # 8216 ; The regulations! # 8217 ; shouted Ralph, # 8216 ; you # 8217 ; re interrupting the regulations! # 8217 ; # 8221 ; Jack replies with: # 8220 ; Who cares? # 8221 ; His answer is short and knifing. Once Jack says this, the reader knows that there is no turning back. The conversation continues: # 8220 ; Because the regulations are the lone thing we # 8217 ; ve got! # 8221 ; And to stop the statement about regulations, Jack says: # 8221 ; Bollocks to the regulations! # 8230 ; # 8221 ; Jack so protests to utilizing the conch: # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Conch! Conch! # 8217 ; shouted Jack, # 8216 ; we don # 8217 ; t need th e conch anymore. # 8217 ; # 8221 ; Ralph subsequently thinks to himself: # 8221 ; The universe, that apprehensible and lawful universe, was stealing off # 8230 ; # 8221 ; The struggle between the two of them, which was besides caused by different positions on the being of a animal, culminate when Jack decides to divide from Ralph. When the groups separate, neither of them net income from it, merely Ralph and Piggy recognize this. Ralph # 8217 ; s group is non large plenty to maintain the signal fire traveling, and Jack and the huntsmans do non hold Piggy # 8217 ; s spectacless to do their ain fire, to roast their hogs. Since most of the male childs have lost the demand for civilisation and the hope of being rescued, Ralph has lost control of them. They now fear the animal, and Jack tells the male childs that if they are huntsmans they can protect themselves from the animal. So now Jack gets control of most of the male childs. Ralph loses hope: # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m frightened. Of us. I want to travel place. O god I want to travel home. # 8221 ; But Piggy was at that place to assist him out of his slack for a spot. But when Piggy is killed, Ralph is incapacitated and despairing. He is entirely and it seems that Ralph # 8217 ; s common sense has wholly been defeated. There is a running subject in William Golding # 8217 ; s Lord of the Flies. Man is savage at bosom, this is shown by Ralph in the hog Hunt, and ever finally returning back to an immorality and crude nature. This is all shown by Jack and his group of huntsmans when they have the hog dances, the hogs head as a scarifices and, last but non least, they turn into a group of barbarians. Ralph and his common sense stays about the same throughout the book, it # 8217 ; s Jack and his huntsmans who change. To stop, here # 8217 ; s a quotation mark from David Anderson # 8217 ; s work entitled Nostaldia for the Primates: In this book Golding succeeds in giving converting signifier to which exists deep in our self-awareness. By the accomplishment of his authorship, he takes the reader measure by measure along the same regressive path as that traversed by the male childs on the island # 8230 ; Our first reaction are those of # 8216 ; civilized # 8217 ; people. But as the narrative continues, we find ourselves being caught up in the bang of the Hunt and the exhilarat- ion of slaughter and blood and the whole elemental feeling of the island and the sea # 8230 ; The backup of Golding # 8217 ; s thesis comes non from the fanciful events on the island but from the world of the readers response to them. Our heads turn to the indignations of our century the slaughter of the first war, the concentration cantonments and atom- bombs of the 2nd # 8211 ; and we realize that Golding has compelled us to admit that there is in each of us a hidden deferral which horrifyingly declares our complicity in anguish and slaying # 8230 ; fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-56875592239198194302020-03-09T02:54:00.001-07:002020-03-09T02:54:03.520-07:00Melancholy in Twelfth Night EssaysMelancholy in Twelfth Night Essays Melancholy in Twelfth Night Essay Melancholy in Twelfth Night Essay Essay Topic: Cymbeline Symposium By Plato Twelfth Night Twelfth Night is the merriest of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s romantic comedies, it is also the saddest. The Christian associations of the title suggests the carpe diem theme which runs through the play. Epiphany, according to Christian mythology, is the time when the shepherds recognized the birth of Christ. The feast of epiphany is the last festival of the Christmas season, after which death takes over. This cycle of life is an extension of the ancient pagan fertility rituals. The mood is similar in Keatsââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËTo Autumnââ¬â¢, Hedge-crickets sing; and now with a treble soft The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft; And gathering swallows twitter in the skies. Only, Keats finds reassurance in the fact that swallows will return, but Shakespeare is concerned with the cessation of life which looms over the whole play. Here the recognition is of the transience of life, unlike in Cymbeline where the rediscovery of Perdita symbolises the rediscovery of oneââ¬â¢s soul. Significantly, Twelfth Night is the last of the romantic comedies. After this Shakespeare moves on to the tragedies and the problem plays ââ¬â this is the last play where joy is not alloyed with problems of evil and anti-life. Everything that is subject to time is valueless, this was the medieval conception. Thus during the middle ages all human activity was directed towards God. Man was given little importance. Then with Renaissance came yet undiscovered knowledge. The new astronomical discoveries allowed man to explore the universe independent of the scriptures. With this was born manââ¬â¢s pride in being man in the mortal universe. And thus man became conscious of the beauty and transience of life. This removed the concept of life everlasting from the framework of eternity. This introduced the prominence of mortality. The dance of death was now more feared than ever. New questions about human existence took form. Comedy seeks to find answers, a meaning of life; yet Shakespeare presents a frail shadowy background to his actions. One of the main governing thoughts in Twelfth Night is the fragility of life. This is the play of youth, almost all the characters are young, and this generates the sadness. Shakespeare asks all to enjoy fleeting life, make the most of the twelve days, scorning the Malvolios. A pattern emerges from all this lot which gives life some meaning. Twelfth Night, despite all its laughter, seems to play upon the keys of loss, affliction and deep bewilderment, which sounds through the gentle beauty of the romance convention and the festive humour. The bonded family words ââ¬â father, brother, sister ââ¬â signifies absence, loss of security and a longing. It is this sense of irreparable loss, and the mild apprehension that all this might prove to be a dream provides the poignant dream-like feeling which pervades the play. The loss is internal as well as external. The recognition of oneââ¬â¢s self is a dominant theme, and almost all characters are haunted by this and hunt for their selves as well as their lost loves. Orsinoââ¬â¢s languorously insatiable desire for love and ââ¬Ëfood of loveââ¬â¢ in the first scene presents a parodic statement of the omnipresent sense of want. The hunting pun serves to express the search which is already begun. Nevertheless, Orsinoââ¬â¢s words set the mood of the play, which, even through all the ââ¬Ëcaterwaulingââ¬â¢ of the kitchen group, never fades. Orsino says That strain again, it had a dying fall: O, it came oer my ear like the sweet sound That breathes upon a bank of violets, Stealing and giving odour Orsinoââ¬â¢s appetite is soon satiated. The music loses its appeal and his love for love becomes evident. Even the hunting image takes on contemporary significance ââ¬â Diana becomes the naked truth which makes Acteon wild. This is a parody of Petrarchan conceits and it is fittingly given to Orsino, who, like all in Illyria, is in a state of illusion. According to Platoââ¬â¢s Symposium love is a hole, an absence longing to be filled. So Twelfth Night is a play of pining: Orsino for Olivia, Olivia for Viola, Viola for Orsino, and comically Sir Andrew and Malvolio for Olivia. This emphasis on pining invokes the classical myth of Narcissus and Echo, and makes a narcissistic triad of self enclosed loneliness. Each of them playing simultaneously Narcissus and Echo with respect to others. They seek their own reflections in the otherââ¬â¢s face and own echo in the otherââ¬â¢s voice. But more melancholy than this ââ¬Ëlove-sorrowââ¬â¢ is the separation of loved ones by real or apparent death. This again can be traced to the sense of romantic lack as embodied in this state of primary loss. Nearly all characters bear traces of such loss ââ¬â from the father-brother loss which provides similar traumatic experiences for Viola and Olivia, down to the farcical yet nostalgic exclamation of Sir Andrew: ââ¬ËI was adored once, too. ââ¬â¢ While Violaââ¬â¢s sorrow is genuine, Oliviaââ¬â¢s vow to keep her face veiled for seven years seems more like a ploy to ward off Orsinoââ¬â¢s unwanted advances. Otherwise her whole behaviour is comically excessive in place of being melancholy. Seven years in black violates the Elizabethan mourning etiquette which prescribed a period of one year for a brother. Olivia closely parallels Orsino ââ¬â both in her reclusiveness more alleged than borne out ââ¬â and as a willing victim of introspective melancholia. Oliviaââ¬â¢s unnamed brother fades from the surface of the play. But his spirit continues to haunt. For no sooner has the theme of brother loss been sounded in the minor key than it recurs in the major. The ââ¬Ëeye-offending brineââ¬â¢ of tears gives way to the sea. Oliviaââ¬â¢s brother fades into Violaââ¬â¢s. In a drama greatly concerned with wholeness of identity, the twinned heroines are each presented as halves of a pairing, cloven away from the male counterpart with whom she started life. In Jungian terms, when Viola assumes the male disguise, it is as if she recapitulates in her own person the lost other, dressing exactly like Sebastian, and as if Olivia also locates her own in Viola. Herein lies the fact that both of them are in an illusory world, it is only the presence of Sebastian which allows a happy resolution, otherwise the imminent result was definitely tragic. There might be an autobiographical element in this brother-sister separation theme. Shakespeare himself was the father of boy-girl twins of whom the boy died before the composition of this play. The twins were eleven and half years old when death separated them. Shakespeare must have felt at heart the wistful sadness in the eyes of Judith the surviving child, which he endowed to viola. Twelfth Night contains a calm, loving elegy, and a myth of rebirth. It feigns that Hamnet, the boy twin, is not dead, but lingers in the unknown, washed up on the shores of Illyria, the land of illusion and lyricism. Prove true, imagination, O prove true This is not only Violaââ¬â¢s, but also Shakespeareââ¬â¢s heartfelt cry. Thus Violaââ¬â¢s sadness resounds with a new meaning. Her exclamation at her entry is, And what should I do in Illyria? My brother he is in Elysium. Her brother comes back to her, but Hamnet does not. Unlike Sebastian, Viola controls herself and centres her thoughts on immediate problems. Her wit allows her to obtain a shelter in an alien and unfriendly world. But her wit also has a touch of the autumnal ââ¬â in keeping with the autumnal note of the play. And even in her sorrow she can sympathise with others. She understands Oliviaââ¬â¢s plots instantly in place of scorn, shows tender understanding, she says, Alas, our frailty is the cause, not we, For such as we are made of, such we be. Her identification with Olivia is appropriate in more ways than one ââ¬â not only both of them are lovesick, but also they long for a brother figure. But Violaââ¬â¢s pathos is more touching. She has to bear messages to her rival from the man she loves. This she does without a murmur and with all sincerity. Her praise of Orsino comes straight from her heart. She is pained to the extreme, and almost reveals herself when Orsino calls women less faithful and lacking in depth of emotion. She tells the Duke: My father had a daughter lovââ¬â¢d a man, As it might be perhaps, were I a woman, I should your lordship. Thus secretly professing her love. But her suppressed agony is felt when she tells Orsino the supposed ending of her non-existent sisterââ¬â¢s love whose history was, she tells Orsino, A blank, my lord: she never told her love For she never expects to have Orsino and she dares not aspire to the impossible. As when her brotherââ¬â¢s name is mentioned she fears to hope for the best. Shakespeare saves the play from ending in total disaster by bringing in Sebastian and thus allowing Viola to have a happy end, in an union with Orsino. In the first scene orsino begins with an imagery of flowers. And the scene ends with flowers: Away before me to sweet beds of flowers! Love-thoughts lie rich when canopied with bowers. The image of flowers comes again and again throughout the play. Flowers symbolise transience ââ¬â momentary beauty, something that does not last. So Feste tells Olivia: As there is no true cuckold but calamity, so beautyââ¬â¢s a flower. Reminding her that times are never always bad, thus to keep on mourning for something that is past is to waste precious time and no one has world enough and time. Orsino talks about womanââ¬â¢s beauty, asking Cesario to fall in love with some woman younger than he, For women are as roses, whose fair flower Being once displayd, doth fall that very hour. Viola has to agree. She admits that death comes when one has just reached perfection. Speaking not only for women but for all mankind. The flower imagery stresses the carpe-diem theme of the play ââ¬â cease the day before it ends. This theme is also propagated through the music of the play. In Twelfth Night music plays a vital role, establishing the tone of the play. Through music the emotive basis of human existence is emphasised, which is to be felt rather than perceived cerebrally. There is rare music in Viola. She does not sing, but her words carry poetic inspiration. She echoes Shakespeareââ¬â¢s sonnets when she tells Olivia: Lady, you are the cruellst she alive If you will lead these graces to the grave And leave the world no copy. Like the early marriage sonnets the theme here is of beauty perpetuated through marriage. But the character who is full of music and is truly melancholy, though not in his attitude or expression, is Feste. Feste is the first true fool of Shakespeares plays. One of the functions of the clown is to sing. He sings to Toby and Andrew: What is love? Tis not hereafter, Present mirth hath present laughter: Whats to come is still unsure. In delay there lies no plenty, Then come kiss me sweet and twenty: Youthââ¬â¢s a stuff will not endure. The fragility of youth and shadow of death ââ¬â this is in line with the playââ¬â¢s theme and mood and also Festeââ¬â¢s character. His other song, which he sings to please Orsino, is equally sad, Come away, come away death, And in sad cypress let me be laid. Fie away, fie away breath, I am slain by a fair cruel maid. This song continues to reveal Festeââ¬â¢s own bleak future. He is outside the action, an objective onlooker. There is no involvement. He is poor, has no security. He begs to acquire money. For a man of his intellectual capacities this must be disgusting. He has no past, no future and no considerable present. He is a relic of the past, from Oliviaââ¬â¢s fatherââ¬â¢s time. He is constantly threatened with discharge which is as bad as hanging for him. But he lets summer bear it out. Only his song betray his state. Thus in his songs the thought of hereafter is subordinated. In the final scene everyone leaves except Feste, who stays to give the audience a song. A song in which he is transformed from the character to the actor. His final song marks the ending of the play, the ending of the twelfth night. Deathââ¬â¢s reign starts from the next day. Festeââ¬â¢s song is nostalgic, he recalls when folly was not as unacceptable or threatening. He also gives a cynical view of marriage as an unwanted responsibility. This casts an oblique perspective on the centrality of marriage in the play as a symbol of concord and resolution. A great while ago the world begun, With hey, ho, the wind and the rain, But thats all one, our play is done, And well strive to please you everyday. Thatââ¬â¢s all oneââ¬â¢ signifies from one perspective that since nothing is really important enough to worry about, pleasure and folly are the only activities worth undertaking. From another, similar, perspective the phrase can be read as hopeless, despairing resignation, pleasure and folly are doomed attempts to escape from an intolerable consciousness of futility . In ââ¬Ëour play is doneââ¬â¢, it is more about the innocent activities than about the play itself. It is a nostalgic recognition of the post innocence state. Festeââ¬â¢s song probably takes place on a dark, empty, silent stage, encapsulating Festeââ¬â¢s loneliness. His life is really as empty. He is as much an outcast as Malvolio, only he is not embittered. He is the artist. Isolated, presenting life, but not belonging to it. His song is a very cynical comment on human existence. To Feste the world does seem like a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. The song is a reminder of the theme of the play ââ¬â youth and its subjection to time. The question which arises is whether this kind of existence is worth the strife. With this question the curtain descends on Shakespeareââ¬â¢s romantic world. The final song, which brings together all the melancholy passages in the play, leaves a yearning in the readerââ¬â¢s mind. A tinge of sadness which fills the heart and leaves a deep impression, is given to the whole play. This song marks a turning point in the world of Shakespearean drama. The playful attitude is done, now it is time for serious businesses of life, which involves the greatest of calamities. Perhaps at the moment Shakespeare himself identified with Feste. He who even with his immeasurable height of mind had to be the publicââ¬â¢s jester and servant. Perhaps for an idle moment he wondered, if all this is worth the complications or not. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-74938197912192441092020-02-21T17:18:00.001-08:002020-02-21T17:18:02.186-08:00The quick and easy way to effective speaking EssayThe quick and easy way to effective speaking - Essay Example In other words, this means that the public speaker should try and acquaint him/herself with what causes fear when it comes to public speaking. It is vital for people to prepare themselves in a proper manner by assembling and arranging their ideas earlier (Carnegie 34). They could then rehearse the talk/speech with their friends just to have a feel of what they could expect. Carnegie advises people not to memorize their speech word by word, because this, most of the times, leads to confusing when delivering the actual speech. It is also vital to predetermine your mind to success by not thinking about the negatives, but only the positives. Also, Carnegie thinks that it is important to act confidence even if one is not actually confident (Carnegie 41). In addition, in order to be an effective public speaker, people should be eager to share their speech, talk or idea with their listeners. They should ensure that they are pleased with their subject of choice before sharing it with others. Also, another factor is that a public speaker should talk about something they have earned the right to speak about through study or experience (Carnegie 55). Such subjects include their lifeââ¬â¢s story and what life has taught them. This will go a long what they establish the truthfulness of the information being passed. So of the ways I intend to apply the above stated rules to overcome and enhance my own public speaking include learning the history of other prominent public speakers, studying the goals of public speaking and also determining my own success. For instance, I will look choose a speaker who is rated highly by the public and study how they developed into prominent public speakers. I will look at what they talk about and how they talk to their listeners. I will look at how they behave in an unexpected situation and many more. Also, I will look at someone who is close to me and knows how to speak to a multitude of people. I can fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-60206284235289773122020-02-05T10:59:00.001-08:002020-02-05T10:59:03.020-08:00Management styles within the cultures of UK- and Iran-based DissertationManagement styles within the cultures of UK- and Iran-based construction joint ventures - Dissertation Example Case Study) 27 Chapter 6 - Presentation and Discussion (Semi Structured Interview) 30 Chapter 7 ââ¬â Recommendations 33 Chapter 8 ââ¬â Conclusion Limitation and Future Research 34 8.1 Conclusion 34 References 36 Bibliography 41 Appendix ââ¬â Semi Structured Interview Questions 44 LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES Table/Figure Page No. Cultural Differences between Iran and UK 13 Culture Comparison of Iran and UK 13-14 Comparative chart from the case study 24 Similarity Chart from the case study 24 Abstract The management style adopted by a firm plays an indispensible role in the success of that firm. It is often considered as an amalgamation of motivation, attitudes towards responsibility and leadership. This study aimed to explore the relevance of 'culture' when defining and comparing management styles in the UK and in Iran. In addition, the study also aimed to develop insights about these cultures and styles that might inform construction managers preparing to work on one or both of these environments. In order to accomplish it, the study has made use of case study method and has chosen two companies, one from the UK construction industry and the other one from Iranian construction industry. The study also considered the importance of national culture while exploring the differences of management styles among the two companies. The study revealed that there are vast differences among the national cultures of UK and Iran. Furthermore, the study also made it evident that national cultures play crucial roles in shaping the management styles of a company. As a result of that the management styles of the companies belonging to Iranian and UK construction industry greatly differs. On the basis of these findings, some recommendations have been made to the potential construction managers for the purpose of preparing them to work with Iranian counterparts, and vice versa. The key recommendations were to develop culture awareness among the managers and promote open c ommunication. 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Research objectives are The primary research objective of this dissertation is to explore the relevance of 'culture' when defining and comparing management styles in the UK and in Iran. The aim is to gather information and to discover the clear Constructs and if possible their relationships. The secondary objective is to develop insights about these cultures and styles that might inform construction managers preparing to work on one or both of these environments All mutual behaviours are linked to other intensely held beliefs and morals and implanted in a certain context. This means the risks are high for mishandling cultural dissimilarities. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-52753960202838236022020-01-28T07:23:00.001-08:002020-01-28T07:23:04.546-08:00Merger and Acquisitions Theories in ManagementMerger and Acquisitions Theories in Management Management theory and practice Mergers and acquisitions are a main means by which single and individuals are able to grow and then enter the new markets. After this happens, the competitive structure of the whole industries may alter radically in a span of a short time. Mergers are the unifications of two or even more firms into forming a new one whereas acquisitions are the companys purchases of the majority of the shares from another. Mergers and acquisitions can also represent a major mechanism through which the firms that are national are able to become multinational firms. The cost and benefit analysis of the mergers and acquisitions affect the decision by the managers and the shareholders of whether to take up a specific merger and acquisition. The decision by the employees also can lead to the acceptance or refusal of the merger and acquisition (Paul Simon 2). In this paper, I am going to research on why the employee-related issues prevent the succeeding of a merger or acquisition. The modern business environment is characterized by change that is continuous in nature. Every organization is considered as a system where work, process, system, people are all aligned in order to ensure that the unit of the individual, individual and overall systems are well fit to deliver the strategies of the organization. The objective of the integrative process is to integrate people, processes, technologies and strategy without interrupting service, quality or product and not only to combine financial standing of any two companies. Employees issues in relation to the integration phase always relate to the human capital related integration issues such as integration of the culture of the organization, leadership, organization structure and design, processes and systems and retention of the key talent. The other important issues are effective planning for the purpose of integration, employee communications, and the selection of good leaders to manage the business combination and the creation of practices and policies for knowledge sharing and learning and also the transfer. The failure to address the issues that concern merger and acquisition impacts the new and current organization very negatively at the stage of post-merger in two levels. One of these two levels is the individual level and the reactions of the individual employees are insecurity, powerlessness, alienation, a drop in productivity, loss of energy and the rise in absenteeism which increases turnover and profits. Other stress factors include the performance evaluation criteria, the loss of control over the life of the professional and also the alterations in the reporting relationships which would also impact the merger or the acquisition adversely or negatively. There are also many other psychological impacts which result from the merger activity. These are lifestyle instability, loss of confidence, depression, anxiety among others and these symptoms may lead to large-scale industrial strikes at times (Nilanjan and Bhattacharya 143). From this we can find that due to these impacts, the employees can resist the mergers and or acquisition in their companies. The other level is the corporate level and at this level the impacts are long-term in the cultural integration, organization structure and design, processes and systems. The failure to tackle these issues in the phase of planning of the merger process can lead to outcomes such as benefits integration, high financial costs, incompatible HR plans and policies, inadequate communication to the employees, insufficient provisions and reserves for risks that had not been discovered and/or improperly evaluated, inefficient financial accounting for the integration costs, the loss of loyalty of the employees leading to the high turnover rates, the dilemma of the workforce reduction, reduced productivity and finally leads to lowered employee morale (Nilanjan and Bhattacharya 144). These issues are the ones that drive the employees to be against and protect the mergers and acquisitions. The strategic combinations of the mergers and acquisitions have a dramatically greater chance of success in terms of providing the added value to all employees, and shareholders. The success could also be experienced in justifying of the acquisition premium when they are led, designed and implemented with these four elements. The first element is the integrative perspective in which the mergers need to be seen as combinations that try to balance the interplay of the organizational architecture and organizational strategy with the guiding principles of the management of the change. The second element is the designed integration which is the scope, intensity and degree of the integration and should be driven by elementary business case for the merger or acquisition which defines integration process. The third is the differential leadership because leadership is very vital and different leaders have different roles. The leadership roles should be considered and assigned at the initial stages because this could bring confusion at the late stages. Lastly, the expanded due diligence factor is considered where the organizational issues are discussed. In this case, the organizational diligence is made a crucial part of the merger and the acquisition chain of events as is the due financial and legal diligence. An example of the job losses caused by mergers and acquisitions and also the reduction of salaries of the members of banks is the European banking sector. Since the start of 1990s, the European banking sector has witnessed massive job losses and the decrease of the salaries of the employees who were left. The impact of these job losses has been greater in the Northern Europe rather than in the southern Europe. The employment in the sector of insurance has also been affected as a result of mergers and acquisition. The nature and quality of the employment has greatly changed from the year 2000 in Europe (Paul and Simon 2002: 45). The reductions of employment have affected the branch administrative and networks functions. The older workers with the conventional banking skills who do not qualify and therefore not transferable easily to the new developed and centralized functions, for example those that work in the call centers, are affected adversely. These are the people who may rise ag ainst any mergers and/or acquisitions and also the banks may consider these people and reach a decision not to accept any mergers and acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions have been known to accelerate corporate practices because the enterprises tend to review the whole cost structure entailing the mergers and acquisitions with the aim of identifying the very maximum savings that are possible. The job losses have increased greatly from 17.5% to 24% due to many mergers and acquisitions. A merger and/or acquisition also referred to as a takeover invalidates in many ways the employment contract. The employee works for someone else without having taken the required steps to change his or her employers. This brings into clear view in an emphatic manner the one-sidedness of the employment relationship and also the idea that the employees do not have any control over the decision of who their employers are. The mergers and/or acquisitions are described as the legitimate means for breaking the implicit contracts in the view of restructuring (Paul and Simon 2002: 183). The mergers are seen as avenues to disrupt job security that the employees have held for long periods and therefore are bound to disrupt the process of mergers and/or acquisitions. These mergers and acquisitions appear to the employees as deliberate strategies to violate the internal norms and also as a hard, brute exercise of powers and therefore they can prevent the succeeding of the mergers and acquisitions. The integrating of the different company procedures and systems requires the harmonization of the different aspects of terms and conditions that apply to the employment signings. These include job titles, pay scales, job descriptions, entitlements and benefits, supervisory and reporting lines are all subjected to revision in order to ensure that there is common practice in the new mergers and acquisitions. These changes may make the employees to reject any mergers and acquisitions. The mergers and the acquisitions upset the links between explicit and implicit contracts in accompany that was in the past based on trust between workers and managers, they are presently founded on assumptions and beliefs regarding mutual responsibility between employees and employers. The integration, merger and acquisition also requires the harmonization of the different aspects of conditions and terms of the employment to ensure that common practice in the combined organization which may alter the existing practices of the human resource and management of either or even both of the organizations. Workers or employees have also considered the lack of incentives due to mergers and acquisitions. There is no transparency in the reward systems and the mergers also lead to contradiction between performance assessments that focus on personal contribution and the objectives that require team-based work. The employees therefore call for better balanced team-based and individual rewards. This is supported by trade unions where they argue that the alterations to the psychological contract which include erosion in the job security are not well reflected in the enterprise reward systems after the mergers and acquisitions. This decreased job security, increased workloads, stress and anxiety are other significant consequences of the heightened merger and acquisitions activity. These factors coupled with lowered morale and also a deterioration of the organization performance has led the employees to be against the implementation of mergers, takeovers and acquisition. This human side of the acquisitions and mergers is all about the overall impact that mergers and/or acquisitions have on the employees in a certain company. These impacts on the psychological difficulties that the employees experience, the culture clashes which may emerge in companies during the post-merger integration period. Finally the ways in which these outcomes manifest themselves that include communication breakdowns, there is also the we-they mentality that occurs between the inclusive organizations in the merger and acquisitions, minimized commitment, reductions in productivity, organizational struggles for power and also office politicking and at last the loss of the key and main organizational members. All these factors combined include the employee issues that affect the realization of mergers and acquisitions (Anthony and James 3). Through research through face to face interviews, a writer concluded that the employees were an important asset to the companies and that they should be considered when the management decides on mergers and acquisitions. Through an interview with an employee of a company that had undergone acquisition, Hayes was told that the employees would not make any move because they were told that their methods were outdated and that they would have to readjust to the new companys way of conducting their activities. He indicated that when he tried to complain to the corporate about the situation, he was warned that if he squawked too loud, his position would be in jeopardy. This resulted to the destruction of the company morale and with time, the main people started leaving and it did not take much time before he also resigned (Hayes 1981: 131). If the company had taken into consideration all complains of their employers, they would have retained their experienced workers and this would increas e the productivity levels. Acquisition and mergers can adequately transform the organizational processes, systems, structures and also cultures of one or both of the companies involved that the employees will often feel confused, frustrated, frightened, stressed or even frustrated and therefore whenever the employees of a particular company here of any merger and/or acquisition they are ready to prevent the realization of the same. On the personal level, these feelings often lead to psychosomatic difficulties, sense of loss, marital discord and at the extreme level, they can lead to suicide. On the level of organization, these feelings are manifested in lowered productivity and commitment, increased disloyalty and dissatisfaction, increased turnover among the key managers, power and leadership struggles especially among the managers who remain in the organization and finally an increase in the dysfunctional work-related behaviors at all the levels of the hierarchy. These impacts on the employee and by the empl oyee are issues that negatively affect the mergers and acquisitions. It is reported that in the 3000 and above mergers that occurred in the year 1985, so many employees estimated to be more than ten thousand lost their jobs and others were forced to accept early retirement (Kanter and Segger-man 1986: 17). It was also estimated that by the year 1990, there will be 2500 savings and loans and 5400 banks that would be involved in mergers and these would affect more than 900, 000 people in the United States. In the year 2009, it was noted that there were decreasing mergers and acquisition activities and that also the credits were tightening. One of the reasons of a successful merger and transaction activity is the compensation which is never done and if it is done it is only given to the executives. The compensation can be a powerful tool to motivate the management and its team to influence positive outcomes in the activity involving mergers and acquisition. This has not been the case in the recent past and the employees are laid off without being paid well leading to the negative feelings that they experience shortly afterwards. This can explain the reduction of the merger and acquisition activity because the employees through their managers are able to prevent the realization or completion of a merger and/or acquisition owing to the fact that they are not compensated. In the recent past there was the acquisition of Merrill Lynch by the Bank of America, there was a problem in the executive pay and compensation and this led to a very expensive roadblock to the desired transaction. A report by the PricewaterhouseCooper indicates that the merger and acquisition activity has decreased 86 percent from the year 2008, the previous year. In addition to these statistics, when the High Court approves the schemes of arrangement of a merger, it takes into account the workers interests. The scheme of arrangement must provide for adequate protection for the employees service benefits and conditions. If the scheme shows otherwise, the High court does not agree to the terms and conditions of the merger and therefore we find that the issues of the employee are considered. The organizational behavior is always reflected by acquisition behavior, the relative size and the cultural compatibility. Global mergers and acquisitions are the main corporate strategies which the multinational corporations use to diversify, expand or even consolidate their businesses. In the year 2006, there was a recorded worldwide annual value of the acquisition transactions exceeded US $ 4 trillion (Larsen 2007: 23). This trend was also recorded in the year 2007 where the worldwide transaction value of the acquisitions in only the first 3 months ranged at US $ 1.13trillion which was the highest busiest recorded quarter ever in history (Saigol and Politi 2007: 145). However, almost 83%of these transactions were unsuccessful (KPMG, 1999; Sirower 1997). A considerable amounts of research developed that the failures were caused by the absence of a national cultural fit which is the cultural distance of the workers and employees (Rottig and Reus 2006: 340). This may lead to cultural problems and clashes among the involved workforces. This in return lowers the employee cooperation and commitment, cause voluntary turnover of the acquired top managers and could also complicate the process of post-acquisition integration (Very and Schweiger 2001:22). The cultural distance might have some positive results but it is among the high points that lead to the failure of the mergers and acquisitions and it is an employee-related issue. The organizational culture which is defined as the interdependent and interrelated system of practices, beliefs, norms and assumptions that the members of the organization bear collectively should be put into consideration before a merger and/or acquisition because when they are altered extensively after the merger, the employees will tend to work against them and this will not promote success of the merger and/or acquisition. The assumptions, norms and practices could be unconscious which are learnt through the socialization of the organization and often reflect the shared perceptions of the daily practices and also determine the things that are carried out within an organization (Gertsen, et al. 1998: 123). An example is the acquisition of the Tokyo Bank by the Mitsubishi Bank in the year 2003. These two organizations had very dissimilar organization cultures. The employees of the Mitsubishi Bank shared a common cultural norm of being to work on time, wearing only white shirts while at work and also thanking their department supervisors and managers in person for any monthly pay checks. But in contrast, the employees of Tokyo Bank were not used to strict dress code and being reprimanded for getting to work late and they also had no duty to carry out a thanksgiving ceremony as they collected their monthly salaries. After the acquisition activity, a huge number of the employees of the Tokyo Bank were alienated by the strict culture of the Mitsubishi Bank and they left the combined company voluntarily. This was in the United States. This is an example of how the employee-related issues could lead to unsuccessful mergers and acquisitions. Poor communication between the employees of the same company after a merger or an acquisition could lead to problems of integration in both the domestic and the international mergers and/or acquisitions. This may cause unsuccessful mergers and acquisitions and it is an employee-related issue. On the other hand, the international acquisitions are characterized by ethnocentrism; nationalistic attitudes; xenophobia and language barriers (Vaara 2003: 864) and these could lead to the failure of the mergers and acquisitions. Work cited Nilanjan Sengupta and Bhattacharya Mousumi. Managing change in organizations.PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Anthony Buono and James Bowditch. The human side of mergers and acquisitions: managing collisions between people, cultures and organizations. Chicago: Beard Books, 2003 Kanter, R and Seggerman, T. managing mergers, acquisitions, and divestiures. Management review, Oct 1986, pp 16-17. Hayes, R. what happens to my people after I sell? The human side of acquisition. In S. J. Lee and R. D. Colman (eds.), handbook of mergers, acquisitions and buyouts. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1981. Paul Temple and Simon Peck. Mergers and Acquisitions: critical perspectives on business and management. : Taylor Francis, 2002. Thomas Straub. Reasons for frequent failure in mergers and acquisitions. Germany: DUV, 2007. Rottig, D. Reus, T.H. Organizational and national cultures consequences for acquisition performance: A meta-analysis, Paper presented at Southern Management Association, Clearwater Beach, 2006. Saigol, L. Politi, J. MA volume tops $1,000bn, Financial Times, March 30: 13, 2007. KPMG. Mergers and Acquisitions: Global Research Report 1999. London: KPMG, 1999. Gertsen, M., Soderberg, A.M. Torp, J.E. Cultural Dimensions of International Mergers and Acquisitions, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin, 1998 Gertsen, M.C., Soderberg, A.M. Torp, J.E. Different concepts of culture, in Gertsen, M. C., Soderberg, A.M. Torp, J. E., editors (eds.) Cultural Dimensions of International Acquisitions, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin, 1998. Vaara, E. Post-acquisition integration as sense making: Glimpses of ambiguity, confusion, hypocrisy, and politicization, Journal of Management Studies, 40(4): 859-94, 2003 Very, P. Schweiger, D.M. The acquisition process as a learning process: Evidence from a study of critical problems and solutions in domestic and cross-border deals, Journal of World Business, 36(1): 11-31, 2001. Sirower, M.L. The Synergy Trap: How Companies Lose the Acquisition Game, Free Press: New York, 1997. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-4986231093167360672020-01-20T03:47:00.001-08:002020-01-20T03:47:01.737-08:00Exploring the Cause of Eating Disorders - Familial Relationships and BuMy sister is bulimic and has been in therapy for several months now. She seems to be making progress, but this eating disorder seems to rule her life nevertheless. Overwhelmed with conflicting desires, she is obsessed with food and her appearance. I see her suffer and wonder what has caused her to develop such behaviors. I know that there are several factors that can play a role in the inception of an eating disorder. Because of my sisterââ¬â¢s problems, I have become interested in the interplay between familial relationships and bulimia. Is there a relationship between family interactions and bulimia? There have been numerous studies about the characteristics of a bulimic's family. One of the earliest by Laurence Igoin-Apfelbaum (1985), studied 21 women who were diagnosed by the DSM-III as bulimics. In the group of patients, two patterns of family background could be found. Thirteen patients were from broken homes, and a common characteristic of these families was that the father virtually disappeared from the life of the daughter. The twelve other patients came from close knit families, in which the sacred union of these families against the outside world was a defensive organization hiding major tensions within the family unit. The relationship between the bulimics and their mother is one of polarity. They feel that because their eating disturbances seem to worry their mother, she is the only one who cared, and as a result they do such things as calling their moms daily to make sure she is not worrying. At the same time they avoid their mother because they feel she can guess everything or demand so much from them that they would have no personal life left. All the patients had harsh words for their fathers. They see him ... ...ting Disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(4), 395-402. Humphrey, Laura Lynn (1989). Observed Family Interactions Among Subtypes of Eating Disorders Using Structural Analysis of Social Behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57(2), 206-214. Igoin-Apfelbaum, Laurence (1985). Characteristics of Family Background in Bulimia. Psychother. Psychosom, 43, 161-167. Kent, Jan S., and Clopton, J. R. (1992). Bulimic Women's Perceptions of Their Family Relationships. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48(3), 281-292. Laliberte, Michele., Boland, F. J. and Leichner, P. (1999). Family Climates: Family Factors Specific to Disturbed Eating and Bulimia Nervosa. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(9), 1021-1040. Stuart, G. W., et al. (1990). Early Family Experiences of Women With Bulimia and Depression. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 4(1), 43-52. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-76177670305513822682020-01-12T00:10:00.001-08:002020-01-12T00:10:05.312-08:00Islamic Art in Europe EssayIslamic art and architecture is worldly renowned. It was developed during the era when the West was surrounded in Dark. It was the time when the West was learning to live in a society while the Islamic world was enjoying their glorious time. They had mastered the language of social survival and aesthetic beauty. They had excellence in the field of science and arts especially chemistry, physics, mathematics, and astronomy, painting, sculpturing wood carving and calligraphic art, the dominant feature of Islamic art. The sea route of Mediterranean Sea spread the Islamic art and knowledge in the world of West. The elites would visit the land of Muslims so as to gain knowledge from Muslim and Jewish scholars and brought with them the memories of Islamic art. Later, this art was exported to the West and was the sign of status. This art brought the glory of Muslim into another world and created patrons of Muslim art. When the Muslim glory was declining, the art did not lose its significance in the world and many Muslim artisans and Jewish craftsmen were employed by the Christians to build extravagant and highly admired buildings. (Derhak, 1) The roots of European culture can be traced back to the time of Renaissance that brought a glorious time to the field of arts, science commerce and architecture. But long before this Spain was well developed in the humanistic and aesthetic beauty ingrained in the society which was at that time under the rule of Muslims. At the time when Europe a feudal society and all the powers were held by the Church, the Spain was booming and flourishing with half a million of population living in 113,000 houses and 700 mosques. The houses were properly built catering the needs of the people as they provided marble balconies to serve people in summer and hot-air ducts built under mosaic tiles to prevent people from cold and winter. There were gardens with artificial fountains and orchards in every house. The streets were paved and properly constructed. There were seventy libraries in Cordova, capital of Muslim Empire while Europe was unknown to the material, paper. (Derhak, 1) Students from around the world came here to learn philosophy, science and medicine. The society was tolerant to other faiths and religions which prospered the growth of art and architecture. But after some years, the period of intellectual and economic success began to decline and new Arabic dynasty was formed. Conservative in its nature, the new dynasty could not bring the glory to the Cordova society. At that time the Western society was growing and the Europeans were forming a lobby to drive the Muslims out of Spain. They set a system of translating the work of Muslims which had the philosophies of Greeks and Romans. ââ¬Å"They translated astrology, astronomy, pharmacology, psychology, physiology, zoology, botany, mineralogy, optics, chemistry, mathematics, physics, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, music, meteorology, geography, mechanics, hydrostatic navigation and historyâ⬠. Europeans learned a lot through the text of Moors. Along these texts, the Arabic music was spread teaching the use of flute, keyboard and harmony. (Derhak, 1) The values and ideas taught by Islamic culture were called the secular humanism as it drove the people away from the powerful grip of Roman Catholic Church and these studies were having the progress of human nature as the centre of interest. The rise of humanism was seen in the paintings created by Renaissance artists. In the middle Ages, saints were the centre of drawings and they were portrayed as the humans larger than ordinary life. The landscapes in those painting were heaven but the renaissance art transformed and saints were depicted of the size of common man and earth became the landscape of the paintings. Now the saints occupied similar to the common man. The renaissance art gave new tools to the artist to portray three-dimensional picture giving a new effect of illusions in paintings. The frame of the paintings was becoming more the frame of the window and the painting was the view of the place seen beyond the window. (AAMââ¬âThe Renaissance Connection Lesson Plans Humanism in the Renaissance, 1) It gave the artists the idea of using oil paints and egg tempera in their paintings. These paints gave depth and roughness to the painting which gave a life to the paintings. The glass and ceramics which became the identity of European courts for three hundred years was brought by Muslims in Spain. The skilled technique used to make glassware more ornamental was practiced by Muslim glassmakers in 800 AD. These techniques include gliding, enameling and tin-glaze and luster on glass. ââ¬Å"Italy was at the heart of sea routes in late Middle Ages and was surrounded by Muslim Empires of Turkey, Palestine, North Africa and Spainâ⬠. This link helped in mixing the cultures of East and West. Sea routes brought exposure to various forms of art and techniques. It introduced glassblowing in west practiced by east and learnt from Syrians of Roman Empire. This also diffused textiles, metal work, carpets and ivories, popularizing the motifs and styles of Islamic world in the West. (AAMââ¬âThe Renaissance Connection Lesson Plans Humanism in the Renaissance, 1) The international luxury trade from 14th-17th century brought in a great impact on Italian art and architecture as it was heavily influenced by the items imported to European market from the Islamic east. The Italians adapted and imitated the imported Oriental art. The Italians have little knowledge of the geographical distinction of the foreign items that they admired. The paintings that revolutionized the Italian culture gave rise to the trade and travel across the Mediterranean Sea. Ceramics that were regarded as mediocre in Islamic society were admired by the Italian society and had great impact on the pottery of Italy. (The Islamic Influence On The Italian Renaissance Is Explored In Exhibition Tracing The Roots Of Luxury Glass And Ceramics, 1) The Cathedral built near Pisa at the end of 20th century has Islamic earthenware bowls called bacini are basically painted with the traditional Islamic animals, plants and geometric motifs. These bacini were also used as kitchenware demonstrating the diffusion of Islamic utensils in late middle Ages. It is thought that these utensils were brought in by Crusaders or donated by the travelers to local institutions or building projects. Bacini caused improvement in Italian pottery. The largest surviving Islamic bronze sculpture was brought in during the conquest of the Muslim Empires on Mediterranean shores. The Lion of Venice, another bronze rendition came from the eastern shores of Mediterranean Sea and was placed at the entrance of the Piazza San Marco in Venice. (The Islamic Influence On The Italian Renaissance Is Explored In Exhibition Tracing The Roots Of Luxury Glass And Ceramics, 1) The Abbasids Caliph in Baghdad developed a rich urban culture giving high value to pleasure and luxury in every dayââ¬â¢s life. They developed silk weaving, ceramics, metalwork and wood carving in daily utensils turning them into the work of art. The tapestries, cushions and rugs were woven in silk. Clothing became rich and elegant and the daily utensils were given visual and demonstrative qualities adding the fun to use them. These items were heavily imported even among the Muslim Empire from Spain to China. Later they were exported to the European society when the wealth started flowing in their life. The items of decorations were also heavily imported which had no offending material to the Christian community as idolatry is not permissible in Islam. Most of the Islamic art were abstracts in which the sole or the dominant theme was religious. (Bent, 1) The human figures drawn or sculptured in Islamic world consisted of humans engaged in pleasure of drinking, horse riding and hunting which was also with correspondence of the feudal society of Europe. The jars known as albarelli was commonly used in Islamic society to preserve spices was aesthetically beautiful and showed style in its use. The ivy and fern leaves painted in horizontal bands in cobalt blue and gold metallic luster highly complemented the shape of the jar. The Italian Renaissance and Islamic art both emphasizes in the harmony of design, balance of parts and perfection of the whole body of the item. (Bent, 1) The main difference between Renaissance art and Islamic art was that European art was the representation of Greco-Roman traditions while Islamic art was ornamental. The depiction of plants was strikingly similar to the nature as they grow and behave. The borders or the frames carry most of the meaning of the drawing. The art influenced by the oriental imports focuses on pleasing the senses and enhanced the object. These art pieces lost their religious meaning of Islamic culture as the seculars or Christians employed the artists who were highly regarded for their craft. For example the basins which were used for washing hands before meals or prayers in the east Islamic Empire lost its meaning and were used as the containers of wines of Eucharist. Even the garments also lost their original identity. The silk garments which had woven Arabic inscriptions on them praising the Mamluk Sultan worn by the princes according to their statuses and adherence also lost their original representation and were worn by the clergy of Roman Catholic Church. (Bent, 1) The most important room of Italian courts, the bedchambers were highly decorated with the tapestries, in which Arabic inscription were woven, and expensive carpets, originally traded from the Muslim market or are the original depiction of Muslim art. The silk gowns which were presented to Muslim rulers for their statuses were then presented to European kings as diplomatic gift. The use of silk became so much prevalent in European society that later the princes were buried after being wrapped in Ornamental silk. Most of the silk was consumed by the Church as it was used as drapes on altars walls and funeral biers. (Bent, 1) The vessels made up of rock crystals, glass and ceramics acquired a sacred status as they became the containers of relics. The use of precious metals gems also started prevailing in European society and started defining the statuses of the people. The bourgeoisie proudly showed off the pieces acquired from the Italian culture. The use of such materials prominently defined the difference of statuses among the rich and powerful. The cost, rarity technique and the eastern origins made the goods more appealing to the European society. Sometimes the richest Europeans had difficulty in collecting luxury item in quantity like the Islamic carpets and Chinese porcelain. (Mack, 1) The Italians tried to establish local markets of such items but they failed to produce the quality and the design similar to the original item but some imported item became so popular that exceptional efforts were made to create an imitation of those goods which was quite similar to the original one. The imitation was so similar that it was difficult to distinguish the original piece from the mimic intricate indicating the sophisticated appreciation of Islamic art. The foreign art highly contributed in the development of the Italian art as these patrons and artisan were always in thrust of exploring and developing new techniques in art to give it a more luxurious touch. (Mack, 2) The script of the movement of Oriental art written by Italians have little value as at that time they had little knowledge about the geographical origins and foreign artistic styles and little has been written by Muslim authors. It is believed that cross-culture has occurred when a native artist migrated to another land and trains the patrons of the other society. Another way of cross-cultural development was due to the sketches or memories of patron or the traveler who had highly admired the art and culture and other societies and brought it to his land. (Mack, 3) The early transference of Muslim culture showed its early traces in Venice when a state chapel and a shrine was being built for the saint relics. A Byzantine architect and a Greek craftsman worked on its structure and earlier designs of mosaic decoration. These Gothic last of Italian art had its roots back to Islamic culture. It has its historical analogies with styles of Pisa and Norman Sicily. This form of art soon appeared in the state buildings giving great credit and honor to the Christian as they defeated the Muslim and drove them out of Mediterranean shores. Soon the Christian had full control on the goods let by Muslims as war booty and was used for commercial advantage. The Pisans and Normans styles quickly grew but were highly affected by the architecture of Mediterranean but significantly expressed the shift of powers. The conquest in west Mediterranean shores also created extensive trade across the sea routes. The variety of color and texture in the cathedralââ¬â¢s exterior ornaments bring to mind the great Islamic art of Spain and North Africa. High influence of Islamic art was depicted on the governmental and religious buildings especially in Norman Sicily and Pisa as they hired the Muslims and the Greek inhabiting the shores of Mediterranean. (Mack, 4) The geometric marble traceries screening windows in lunette above the Porta Santââ¬â¢ Alippio at the extreme left of the facade is quite similar to the window grill of Great Mosque in Damascus. The striking similarities between the Islamic and Christian buildings created confusion among the travelers and they started considering the Dome of Rock as the temple of Solomon and Herod. Another example of such confusions is Al-Aqsa mosque considered as the palace of Solomon. (Mack, 5) The domes were highly regarded in Islamic building especially mosques. The trend on the domes in mosques can be traced back to the early time of Islamic civilization. The most original form is muqarnas dome or semi dome. It is truly Islamic creation and was not influenced by any other culture or civilization. They could be made of wood, stucco, brick or stone and are the most characteristic feature of Muslim world. These were later adopted by the Christian in their religious building especially that of Pisa. (Grabar, 1) The varied Oriental culture in Venice showed the growing trade relations with the eastern Mediterranean. The Gothic architectural style highly expressed the values and culture of the ruling class and also developed a distinctive dialect which had any words of Arabic language and this dialect survived in the palaces till sixteen century- showing the high influence of Islamic society in Venice. (Mack, 6) Later in the 14th century the theme of Italian paintings changed and they showed the arrival of luxury items from Islamic society and their use by the Italian people. The paintings, drawings and sculptures portrayed the understanding of cultures of East and West but these understanding were based on the imports of goods, religious and political strategies with each other. (Mack, 7) The fascination for Islamic art was beyond the bounds of Islamic world. The development of blue and white on ceramics in Islamic art was desirable to Chinese as well as Europe. It was highly bought by these societies for decorative purpose. (Bent, 1) The Quranic scripts written on mosques developed calligraphy in Islamic art. This decoration was applied to various buildings of religion, military civic and private use. it was the main feature and identity of Islamic art. The earliest surviving building of calligraphic art is Dome of Rock in Jerusalem. The inscription on buildings used to show the praise to God, construction date and patronage scripts on the religious buildings while the civic buildings had date of construction, details of the architects and artisan but most prominently it had reference inscriptions of the caliph to demonstrate his power and benevolence. Variety of calligraphic art was developed for aesthetic beauty. It was applied on many surfaces like wood, stone, plaster and ceramic tiles. Later it was developed on books, coins and metal wares. This form of art highly attracted the west due to its origin and writing pattern. They were usually used for decorative purpose. The crockery having calligraphic art was highly regarded for their classy use and was mainly consumed by elites. (Renaissance art and architecture ââ¬â FREE Renaissance art and architecture information Encyclopedia_com Facts, pictures, information! 1) Works Cited AAMââ¬âThe Renaissance Connection Lesson Plans Humanism in the Renaissance http://www. renaissanceconnection. org/lesson_social_humanism. html Accessed May 08, 2009 Bent. B, (1991), Islamic Art, 2nd edition, Harvard University Press, England. Derhak. D (2005) Muslim Spain and European Culture http://www. xmission. com/~dderhak/index/moors. htm Accessed May 08, 2009 Grabar. O, (1985), Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture, illustrated edition, BRILL Mack. E. R, (2001) Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian art, 1300-1600, illustrated edition, University of California Press, California. Renaissance art and architecture ââ¬â FREE Renaissance art and architecture information Encyclopedia_com Facts, pictures, information! http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1E1-Renaisart. html Accessed May 08, 2009 The Islamic Influence On The Italian Renaissance Is Explored In Exhibition Tracing The Roots Of Luxury Glass And Ceramics, March 23, 2004 http://www. getty. edu/news/press/exhibit/artof_fireshort. html Accessed May 08, 2009 fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-43438136756627503532020-01-03T20:32:00.001-08:002020-01-03T20:32:03.501-08:00Early American Transcendentalism - 1204 Words Early American transcendentalism has one of the greatest influences towards American society because it is not only a philosophy, but also a religion and physical progression. During the early nineteenth century, Ralph Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and other radical individuals challenged the present day theories of values, ethics, and what it means to live life to the fullest (Timko). If early American transcendentalists were living among civilians today, would present day civilians think the earlier activists were radical and psychotic? During this time, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, ââ¬Å"There are always two parties, the party of the Past and the party of the Futureâ⬠(Timko). Early radical, transcendental activists believe that their approach ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It was documented that Walden, in its first year of distribution, sold more than 1,744 copies to the surrounding people (ââ¬Å"The Seer of Waldenâ⬠). In 1849, Henry Thoreau heavily influenced early transc endentalism again with his collection of social actions archived in Civil Disobedience. During this collection, Thoreau uses Jeffersons famous statement, That government is best which governs least, and completes his thoughts with one of his boldest statements, That government is best which governs not at all (Holmes). Although Civil Disobedience is one of the most radical, Thoreau, advocated his main idea of ââ¬Å"simplify oneââ¬â¢s livingâ⬠the most. Though many readers believed that Henry Thoreau despised American government, however this is extremely inaccurate. He longed for Americaââ¬â¢s government to focus less on material things and become less corrupt and in return, focus more about centering ourselves on God and democracy. Civil Disobedience is such an influence in nineteenth century America that it later advocated Martin Luther King, Jr. and Mahatma Gandhiââ¬â¢s social reforms. Thoreauââ¬â¢s avocation for anti-slavery, which was found in some of his earl y works, also partially inspired Martin Luther King, Jr. in his journey for equal human rights for African Americans later in America. To conclude, transcendentalism, during earlyShow MoreRelatedTranscendentalism, An American Philosophy1640 Words à |à 7 PagesAmerican philosophers during the early to mid-1800s embraced a new liberal movement known as transcendentalism that posed a silent threat to the current social and political institutions of the time period. Henry David Thoreau acted as the father of this new philosophy that would go on to transform the social structure of America into what it is and is still becoming today. Transcendentalism is an American philosophy that humankind has an innate sense of being and knowledge of the world aroundRead MoreTranscendentalism Essay617 Words à |à 3 Pagesï » ¿Transcendentalism is a movement that started in New England in the early to mid nineteenth century. It was created as a protest against the general culture at the time, straying away from the mindless doctrines of the churches. I think that Thoreau, Emerson, Whitman, and Dickinson did a good job of explaining what Transcendentalism is really about, which is that death is coming for everyone. Our Town stands out to me because it doesnââ¬â¢t use any props, and its strong symbolism that makes a pointRead MoreEssay about The Important Role of Transcendentalism in American History779 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Important Role of Transcendentalism in American History In 1830, a movement known as Transcendentalism began to gain popularity in America. Representing an idealistic system of thought, strength, courage, self-confidence, and independence of mind1 were some basic values admired by the followers of the Transcendental movement. Transcendentalists opposed many aspects of their government, where they felt many unjust laws existed.2 Therefore, they became the leaders of manyRead More Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism730 Words à |à 3 Pagesas Fathers of Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a movement in writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century. It formed in the early to mid nineteenth century and reached it climax around 1850 during an era commonly referred to as the American Renaissance, Americaââ¬â¢s Golden Day, or the Flowering of New England. The basic tenets of Transcendentalism involve the relationships between oneââ¬â¢s self and the world at large. First, the search for truth in Transcendentalism begins withRead MoreThe Influence Of Calvinist Ideas On The Early Nineteenth Century900 Words à |à 4 PagesCalvinist ideas were prominent in America in the early eighteenth century, ideologies that were brought upon by the puritans. Calvinism, which was based on the teachings of John Calvin, emphasizes predestination and salvation because a man had no free will and thus dependent of God, man had no control over his own spiritual fate, hence their over all actions in life. (Garcia, Lecture 2, p.2) However, John Winthrop, a puritan lawyer of the time, and others criticized this idea, Winthrop discussedRead MoreTranscendentalism : The American Scholar1658 Words à |à 7 PagesThose Americans who have heard of American Transcendentalism associate it with the writers Ralph Waldo Emerson and his friend Henry David Thoreau. A sked to name things about the group they remember, most mention Emersonââ¬â¢s ringing declaration of cultural independence in his ââ¬Å"American Scholarâ⬠address at Harvardââ¬â¢s commencement in 1837 and his famous lecture ââ¬Å"Self-Reliance,â⬠in which he declared that ââ¬Å"to be great is to be misunderstoodâ⬠; Thoreauââ¬â¢s two-year experiment in self-sufficiency at Walden PondRead MoreEmily Dickinson And Walt Whitman1719 Words à |à 7 PagesIn American literature there are many types of themes and periods of writing. Each writer has their own style and way of conveying what they want to say to their readers. A lot of time what and how an author writes comes from how they grew up and the experiences they have had. They find a way to insert themselves and their emotions into words that move the readers in some way. One of the most popular periods of writing would be the romanticism era. Some of the most well known authors in this timeRead More`` Natu re `` By Ralph Waldo Emerson920 Words à |à 4 Pagesessay, Emerson emphasizes the foundation of transcendentalism, ââ¬Å"a religious and philosophical movement that developed during the late 1820s and 30s in the Eastern region of the United States as protest against the general state of spirituality and, in particular, the state of intellectualism.â⬠[2] ââ¬Å"Transcendentalism suggests that the divine, or God, suffuses nature, and suggests that reality can be understood by studying nature.â⬠[3] ââ¬Å"Transcendentalism is closely related to Unitarianism, the dominantRead MoreTranscendentalist Utopia in Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau1108 Words à |à 4 Pagesof utopian concepts within the 1800ââ¬â¢s, most remarkable of the influx was the birth of Transcendentalism. The roots of their religious philosophy extend much farther back into American history, but in essence, rests in the context of Unitarianism. Itââ¬â¢s origins also reach overseas to Roma nticism, from which they drew inspiration from. Transcendentalism was an important movement that shaped the course of American literature, itââ¬â¢s assertions commonly taking shape in novels, poems, short stories, andRead MoreTranscendentalist1105 Words à |à 5 PagesTranscendentalism and Christianity Have Incompatible Beliefs Transcendentalism is ââ¬Å"a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in the early to middle 19th centuryâ⬠(Wikipedia). Transcendentalism first started with Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of the pioneers of the Transcendentalists, who in his essay ââ¬Å"Natureâ⬠, criticized several things, especially the Unitarian church (Wikipedia). Many other Transcendentalists such as Thomas Parker, Henry David Thoreau, Amos Bronson fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-6607941206755586442019-12-26T16:59:00.001-08:002019-12-26T16:59:04.429-08:00Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program for Kids The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program (formerly National Amusements) gives kids free movie tickets to see a free summer movie each week for each book they read and fill out a book report over. The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program for 2018 is called Bookworm Wednesdays. Looking for more summer reading programs that will score your kids some freebies? Check out my list of the best summer reading program freebies. How to See Free Movies From the Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program Visit Showcase Cinemas Bookworm Wednesdays and click on Download the Book Report to open a PDF file of the book report form. Print out the book report and fill out the title of the book you read, the author, a description of the book, and the childs name. Bring the completed book report into a participating Showcase Cinemas movie theater each Wednesday from July 11, 2018, to August 1, 2018, for the 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. movie to get free admission. Free Movies Available From the Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program gives out free movie tickets to a select kids movies that play every Wednesday morning at 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. (depending on your theater location) beginning on July 11 until August 1. This means that your kid can see 4 free movies this summer! Heres the schedule for the free Showcase Cinemas kids movies: July 11: FerdinandJuly 18: TrollsJuly 25: Kung Fu Panda 3August 1: Captain Underpants Limits to Be Aware Of The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program is available only at participating Showcase Cinemas locations. Parents who take their kid for the free movie get free admission as do children 6 years and younger without submitting a book report. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-51719130515723149372019-12-18T12:48:00.001-08:002019-12-18T12:48:03.466-08:00Career And Life Of An Obstetrician - 978 Words Emjae Fisbeck Toews English 1 4 May 2015 There are so many careers to choose from in the world. I have changed my mind about my career and lifestyle so many times. It was hard to find a career suitable to me, but I found one that sparks my interests. Obstetricians work with pregnancy, labor and delivery of women. This career is something I would aspire in doing and fits my lifestyle. To become an obstetrician it requires an average of 12 years of education and training. You need to complete a four year bachelor s degree along with four years of medical school and three to eight years of residency. Obstetricians are primary caregivers of women during their pregnancies. Obstetricians main purpose is to deliver healthy babies, but they also provide medical care to women at various life stages. The skills of an obstetrician donââ¬â¢t just lie only in prenatal, labor and delivery. Theses doctors also diagnose illness and disease, prescribing contraceptives, routine exams and tests. Acquired with an aptitude in science and medicine obstetricians require certain skills. An OB GYN should have critical thinking, decision making, and problem solving skills. Also, obstetrician work with a lot of patients and should be able to communicate clearly and listen actively. Most obstetricians go into private practice after they have had enough work experience and training. Job opportunities are increasing by 18% which is faster than any other job. You should start out with earning a bachelor sShow MoreRelatedBecoming A Labor And Delivery Nurse1249 Words à |à 5 PagesLife begins inside of the female body of a soon to be mother. After the sperm of that womanââ¬â¢s significant partner has reached her fertilized egg, she is then announced pregnant after her first missed period. During the motherââ¬â¢s nine month pregnancy, she could be experiencing excess weight, swollen feet or ankles, vomiting, emotional outburst, inability to sleep, unusual cravings, or depression. Normally, after these rough nine months of pregnancy for the mother, she is due to give birth to her newbornRead MoreEducation And The Cost Of It997 Words à |à 4 Pagesmind to become an obstetrician and it has been my goal ever since. I knew this dream would not be easy to accomplish. So, I began to research about the education and the cost of it, how much money I would make and how this career uses computers and also what types of demands are there for e mployees. The first thing I began to research was the education. I learned that to become an it would take about 12 to 15 years of education and practical experience to become one. Most obstetrician began with anRead MoreCareer And College Research Paper947 Words à |à 4 PagesCareer and College Research Paper Graduating from high school is vital for many different reasons, one of them being that it dictates the foundation of your entire future. Given that I am only in high school, I still have to take my future into my own hands, beginning with my pursuit to becoming an Obstetrician/ Gynecologist (OB/GYN). An ââ¬Å"OB/GYN helps women with pregnancy, childbirth, general care and women with diseases in the reproductive systemâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Summaryâ⬠). I chose this career because I wantRead MoreIs Obstetrician -gynecologist And Certified Nurse Midwives Essential For Life? Well Obstetricians Care For Pregnant Women?1064 Words à |à 5 PagesWhy are Obstetrician ââ¬âGynecologist and Certified Nurse Midwives essential to life? Well obstetricians care for pregnant women and deliver babies; gynecologists specialize in the reproduce systems of women. Midwives are advanced practice registered nurses who provide counseling and care during pre-conception, pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. I myself want to become an OB/GYN, thatââ¬â¢s why Iââ¬â¢m so engaged into writing this paper. An obstetrician and gynecologist (OB/GYN) is a doctorRead MoreWhy Are Obstetrician -gynecologist And Certified Nurse Midwives?1068 Words à |à 5 PagesWhy are Obstetrician ââ¬âGynecologist and Certified Nurse Midwives are essential to life? Well obstetricians care for pregnant women and deliver babies; gynecologists specialize in the reproduce systems of women. Midwife are advance practice registered nurses who provide counseling and care during pre-conception, pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. I myself want to become an OB/GYN, thatââ¬â¢s why Iââ¬â¢m so engaged into writing this paper. An obstetrician and gynecologist (OB/GYN) is a doctorRead MoreThe Importance Of A Certified Nurse Midwife And An Obstetrician1424 Words à |à 6 PagesObstetrics I am interested in helping people. I believe in the well-being of others and would love to work with the miracle of life, also known as pregnancy and birth. This is why I am looking at Obstetrics. According to webmd.com an Obstetrician is, ââ¬Å"a doctor who specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and a womanââ¬â¢s reproductive system.â⬠They take care of women during pregnancy in many ways, including monitoring the motherââ¬â¢s and her developing babyââ¬â¢s health by carrying out routine ultrasounds, measurementsRead MoreMy First Year At Dunbar Middle Magnet School1231 Words à |à 5 Pagesthrough my body during this brief time in my life. Thinking back on the moments in life that assisted in me choosing my career path brings up many mixed emotions. The moment I chose the career path I wanted to go on is my first year at Dunbar Middle Magnet School, sixth grade to be exact. It was the first week of school and all the students in my class had to stand up and introduce o urselves and tell what we wanted to be in life. At that time in life, the option of being a princess was over and IRead MoreMy Chosen Sector Is The Health Sector1226 Words à |à 5 Pagescomplications or are unwell in pregnancy. Clients can come in any ethnicity. Usually these clients are from the age of 16-40 however there are anomalies. The health sector is things to do with peopleââ¬â¢s health and wellbeing at any point throughout their life. Many centres deal with health and help people to be healthier and live for longer. These range from hospitals to your local clinic. Also, clients can range from the age of a new-born baby to an extremely elderly person. In health care, it involvesRead MoreApplication Of A Career After High School1443 Words à |à 6 PagesObstetrics Nurse During the past four years people have asked me what I wanted to do for a career after high school. I always had an answer, but I always changed my career path. I knew that I wanted to go into health care, but I was never really certain on what field I wanted to go into. I am still uncertain on what I want to do with the rest of my life, but I think this research has helped me decide. There is one career in which I find interesting which is obstetric nursing. An Obstetrics nurse helps doctorsRead MoreEmergency Room At The Clinic1850 Words à |à 8 Pagestime to drive back to the hospital. 8:00 a.m. ââ¬â I check in briefly with the higher-risk cases, and go off call, but one must wake up at 5am tomorrow and do it all over again. That was just a small snippet into the very fast paced life of an obstetrician. An obstetrician is someone who specializes in the care of women from pregnancy until after delivery, with the diagnosis and treatment and disorders of the female reproductiv e tract. Which often involves lengthy days in a very unpredictable field fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-13225537971545885042019-12-10T09:30:00.001-08:002019-12-10T09:30:05.058-08:00Evaluation of The Mandatory Construction Induction Training Program In Question: 1.1 Evaluate a range of primary and secondary methods for obtaining information including the use of online facilities for the research into an HR and/ or management practice.1.2 Compare and contrast data from different sources and publications.2.1 Identify an area of HR/ business practice which can be investigated2.3 Justify the choice and application of data collection methods and research instruments to explore an area under investigation2.4 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a research study4.1 Identify key stakeholders, their interests and needs4.2 Evaluate different ways of presenting data to meet stakeholder needs.4.3 Use an appropriate mix of diagrammatic and narrative formats.? Answers: Introduction: Human asset administration is the point of convergence of cutting edge associations as they rigging towards upgrading their abilities in a profoundly aggressive environment. In that capacity, associations have needed to battle with various difficulties going from changing innovation to the absence of enough talented specialists. Introduction is an arranged procedure whereby recently enrolled representatives are presented and acquainted with their new work environment. This incorporates meeting their collaborators and being familiar with different parts of the association. Furthermore, induction may incorporate such basic subjects as the area of a specific office and such complex issues like profession improvement. It is also affirmed that prompting, as an arranged procedure is equipped for profiting whole associations and particular people (Acas.org.uk, 2015). This is so in light of the fact that it permits new workers to adjust to their new occupations and turn out to be completely dedicated and gainful representatives at a quick pace. Discussion: Description, Literature Review And Good Practice Managers participate in long procedures of worker enrollment and choice looking for people who are able in their regions of specialisation. As they do as such, managers think about how the newcomers will serve their association and acknowledge superior levels. Note that getting the best esteem out of a worker's capacities begins at their first experience with the potential executive. In a perfect world, at this beginning stage the business must set them up for achievement. Keeping in mind the end goal to do as such, businesses must put into thought various parts of human asset administration, which, in the long run serve as the destinations of the introduction and actuation process (Bahn and Barratt-Pugh, 2012). Introduction and incitement goes for reducing so as to improve solace in new representatives tensions or uncertain negative feelings. It is also said that instigation projects need to consider the sentiments experienced by representatives amid their introductory days in the new working environment. Without a doubt, workers frequently display inclinations of trepidation and hesitance to draw in completely in their obligations amid their first days because of different issues. Case in point, it is likely that another worker will be ignorant of where a specific division is or inside of the association (Cipd.co.uk, 2015). According to Wanous and Reichers 54% of the induction programs are presented in first month of the new employment occurrence. It is also suggested that the induction programs even have phased proper implementation, rather than traditional one-off loom towards implementation of the programs. Idyllically, such programs in reality take place just after first day of the work and just before end of first week, along with activities that are spread over some 2 to 3 hours every morning. The actual length of the real induction program must vary amid 1 and 2 weeks. (Wanous and Reichers, 2000). As per Snell, a good induction must contain elements about organisations and the entire firms Information Technology. All this would typically involve allotment of the computer hardware as well as software with fundamental guidelines for all acceptable use of resources (Dessler, 2000). Two forms of data and information are needed in the proper induction program: initially, common data regarding employees routine of work and then, a full review of firms history as well as mission plus way new staffs would be actually expected to properly contribute to latter. This also is supported by the researcher named Snell Wanous who see covering of the health as well as safety processes, in a short history of new firm, a proper tour of building as well as introduction to the co-workers. Area To Be Investigated Is all about differentiating the preparing needs guarantee that the preparation has particular quantifiable and reasonable targets. The firm must have the capacity to distinguish and characterise the preparation needs of both the association and its kin. This exists between the association, the office and the person. Once the association has characterised its business objectives and procedures the firm can then focus the asset needs. Every bureau of the association ought to distinguish its destinations and needs, including the kind of occupations and what number of workers it requires. It will likewise need to figure out what scope of abilities will be important to meet the objectives of the association (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2007). The investigation of the old induction process should be changed and after that go past an evaluation of current execution. The key areas to highlight within the report are mentioned below: Are individuals content with the old induction procedure? Do the new staffs like the pilot usage of new process? How ought to the preparation project be adjusted to achieve better points and destinations? How would we be able to guarantee that new staffs comprehend the preparation and its targets? How will we deal with the exchange of the new learning once more into the work environment? Key Stakeholders And Their Interest In This Study Stakeholders are defined as a person or group owning a percentage of a companys shares as well as affected by or having an interest in the company operations. In the impelling scheme there will be two noteworthy stakeholders that will be the employers or the management and the new staffs. Administration's part is necessary in an organisation like Twin Group where there are more than 50 regular representatives working among the fundamental season. Chiefs have a key part in the introduction. The supervisor sets tone for the relationship for new representatives and regularly is the hugest individual first and foremost of the worker's profession. It's fundamental that directors arrange the representative's first day well, verifying that key exercises are incorporated in the project for the first day. Supervisors have numerous key parts in the actuation of which some are the most well-known.(Gravells, 2013). Managers should deliver instructions for the new employees. Sometimes managers need to safeguard induction program completion for new employees. - Managers can offer orientation to the job. Managers should set performance goals to the new employee. Managers must provide support in all aspects of the induction program if necessary (Denk, 2010). Interest Grid for stakeholders prioritisation Source: www.mindtools.com Methods- New staffs will be used Primary research for collecting first hand and fresh data plus information Secondary research for collecting second hand data and information that ahs already been captured earlier by some scholars and researchers. Potential limitations- The method might not be accepted by the stakeholders Stakeholders might not clearly understand the primary data collected and also they might feel these information hectic and complex As they are not directly involved in the research they might not be too much interested in the study Suitability in meeting stakeholder needs - New staffs are necessary for the induction process as they are the ones that convey energy to figure out how to the procedure. Primary assignment for new representative is to willingly take an interest in all parts of the affectation procedure engrossing however much data as could reasonably be expected. New representatives additionally specifically influence the way of life of the organisation with their own particular identity and crisp point of view. Senior workers are extraordinary help for the chiefs in enlisting procedure as they specifically convey the organisation culture and qualities to the new representatives (Kurtts, 2011). Meeting stakeholders need Methods Of Obtaining Information And Research Project The entire study will give a full detail of the previously existing induction procedure and strategy at the Twin Group. The company operates in the market where all the induction procedures are actually geared specifically towards properly training and making the staffs aware of all the carry outs of the firm and also making them feel at home within the organisation. The Induction program in the firm not just benefits the firm; rather they even offer vital advantages to staffs. Induction in this firm also reinforces some novel employees decision towards joining the company and even fosters a sense of the belongingness (Daskalaki, 2011). A properly-organised and maintained induction program would aid the employees to deal with all types of anxieties through providing them along with some coping strategies such as goal setting plus planning at the time of most stressful time in the firm. Through reducing the level of insecurity and anxiety, the induction programs at Twin Group is capab le to help the staffs settle down faster as well as enables them to feel additionally at home while in the firm. Such positive emotions might also lead towards improved phases of satisfaction in the new staffs that in turn translates into extra productive workers that feel part and parcel of the firm. The study will fundamentally be held in light of both Primary examination techniques and observational exploration routines. Also questionnaire and observation method will be used as part of various diverse ways, however two emerge. To begin with, it will be utilised to indicate a general way to deal with the investigation of reality that recommends that just learning increased through experience and the faculties is satisfactory. As it were, this position will imply that thoughts must be subjected to the rigors of testing before they can be considered information. The second significance of the term will be identified with this and will allude to a conviction that gathering of "certainties" is honest to goodness objective in its own particular right. Primary research will be needed to lead through organised meeting from the premise of the auxiliary examination writing audit investigation on information accessible from the records in association (Dessler, 2000). "A vital stage in the gathering of information will be choice of units to which the information will identify with. Information will be gathered through meetings and examiners as well as through surveys and observations. All workers including top level and main concern and HRM will be chosen to this procedure. Meetings will also be held to attain staffs responses on the past practiced induction program and also their view on pilot program that was launched. Organised Questionnaires will be given to the related topic (Jha, 2008). Secondary sources like CIPD website, Google search engine, HRM Textbooks, Journal articles, websites such as www.xperthr.co.uk, www.brokes.ac.uk, www.twinuk.com, Twin Group Recruitment Induction Policies and Procedures will be used as main source for gathering data in the research that will be conducted. Details of current changes within induction process will also be taken from the present articles in the current newspaper and also from journals published. Key Sources Of Secondary Research And Their Contribution To This Research Secondary research in reality is the data and information which is previously published from some other sources. The main sources of the secondary research which would be utilised in this study and their real contribution are mentioned below: Sources of Secondary Data How will it contribute to my proposed research project / Evaluation of the suitability of this source Advantages / key strengths Disadvantages / key limitations CIPD website CIPD podcast 89-Rethinking Staff Induction, Date: 02/04/2014 CIPD Website Provides current as well as historical data in the form of factsheet, general and statistical data that relate to induction process in firms. This will be helpful to attain the available secondary data and then will help in proper and effective analysis of the same Their 2014 Podcast 89 describes the importance of getting the induction process right. It outlines how to do induction differently and sets out findings from companies from a range of sectors who have recently revolutionised their induction processes. (Cipd Podcast 89, 2014) CIPD website contains a wide range of HR related information and real-life case studies. Quick and easy online access to valuable information. Possibility to sign up and receive regular newsletters and bulletins Great source of historical and current subject related data. Blogs run by CIPD qualified professionals. Good sources of recommended / further reading CIPD membership fees must be paid in order to access their services Online access to HR information- so members/users must be computer literate and have internet access. Some information may not be up-to date Other Websites: www.Xperthr.co.uk Employee Induction 2010, date: 17/09/2010 and Induction Survey 2010: delivery and evaluation, date: 01/11/2010 evaluate the effectiveness of induction arrangements? Reed Business Information Limited trading as XpertHR is an Appointed Representative of ITC Compliance Ltd which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. They provide information on how other companies deliver induction and evaluate its effectiveness. It is a great source of information related to wide range of HR issues such as employee relations, employment legislations, general HRM. It provides historical and current statistical data, HR trends, case studies, document templates, surveys, benchmarking indicators. It also presents survey analysis Free 7 days website trial Official statistics are usually a reliable source of information The data attained might be somewhat older and out dated one. Access to XpertHR website requires login/membership/ subscription Other Websites: Oxford Brookes University www.brookes.ac.uk and Twin Group www.twinuk.com University websites are always good to refer to as they provide access to academic resources, online library, e-newsletters and magazines, student and teachers forums, research forum, Company websites provide details about their strategies, including clear mission, values, vision and strategic goals. All this is extremely important from the HRM perspective as it attracts the right staff and has impact on employee retention Websites include valuable past and current data in form of factsheets, common information as well as statistical data regarding the induction program that has been in past followed within the firm. Great source of new recruits Provide expert and professional advice across Industries and business sectors Provide Business coaching and Mentoring opportunities, Consultancy and Training Networking opportunities Some of the information on website may not be current and up-to date Twin Group Recruitment Induction Policies and Procedures Version 2015/01 The main aim of the Recruitment Induction policy and Twins induction is to ensure an effective integration of staff into or across the company, for the benefit of both parties. Data collected from applicants about ethnicity, gender, age, disability, sex orientation etc can be used to analyse the recruitment and selection decisions. This will allow to identify areas for recruitment and induction improvements, The policy provides an overview to the research proposal topic. It outlines the importance of the Recruitment Induction issue. It provides practical advice, reinforce companys values and develop respect, professionalism and teamwork among members of staff Belong and published within organisation for their own use. Not always easy to find/access. Failure to comply with this policy will result in disciplinary action being taken against the employee Although The Recruitment Induction policy is a guide, there may be other practices and procedures taking places The information and data could be outdated, therefore the Policy needs to be regularly reviewed HRM Textbooks: 1.Process of Inference Learning Discovery, (Bradford Books), by John H. Holland, Keith J. Holyoak, Richard E. Nisbett, Paul R. Thagard, data:02/03/1989 2.Induction Training- Effective Steps for Investing in People (Kogan Page),by Michael Meigham, data:1/09/2000 These books will provide a proper insight into the other writers, that are the leading experts, thoughts as well as feelings upon the study topic It is a great book written to help people involved with the induction of new employees. It helps determine the induction training needs not only of the employee but also the organisation. It presents different approaches that can be applied in various situations and contain examples of good practice Textbooks are more detailed and thus attainment of better and detailed information will be possible Provide detailed overview of the Induction topic. Help understand the problem relating to the research proposal. Textbooks can be old or carry old data and information Books may be costly to buy Authors may be biased in their opinions Journal Articles related to Induction programs and its needs and requirements in firms. Journals include up-to date information on specific topics They discuss best practices of undertaking proper induction, trends and pros cons of induction procedures. Recommend and Provide good sources for further reading Good quality information, checked and verified Short, easy and interesting to read Include less detailed information that textbooks Key Methods Of Collecting Primary Data Primary research-produces data that are only obtainable from the original source . Primary data are first hand data obtained by the researcher, for a specific research project.(CIPD, 2015) The below primary research methods will be used in order to gather the necessary data and information: Primary research method How will it contribute to my proposed research project? Strengths (Including currency, authenticity, reliability and validity) Disadvantages Including currency, authenticity, reliability and validity) Interviews Interview methods are often used and described as talking questionnaires as they have the same objective (Cipd, 2015) Reliability and validity- only relevant and appropriate questions will be asked and will be piloted in advance. Validity of interviews is higher when interviewers use situational and job-related questions. Interviews are designed to capture data. Interviewers take detailed notes Currency assured as the interview are planned to take place in the next 3-6 months Authenticity is assured as the interviewer will check the status of the respondents as part of the planned target group Reliability can be affected as different interviewers may give different ratings when interviewing the same person. Interview results and rating may be influenced by luck of answer/response from the interviewee. Lack of anonymity Discussion with the stakeholders This will supply a proper first handed data and will consider fact how the stakeholders fell regarding the current induction policy and also its affect on the stakeholders as entity and also as the firm on a whole. Full detail can be attained about the people interested in the topic and those who have complained about the existing or past induction process in the firm. Currency-provides up-to date, first hand information and data Accuracy-Discussion relates to a specific research topic. Authenticity is assured as it allows to trace origin of data Cost effectiveness Facial expression could be observed and thus no biasness is possible People can feel hesitated to take part in meetings and discussions Reliability-information will likely be biased. Reliability can be affected if people chose to hide information in order to achieve desired outcome Insufficient number of people taking part in discussion Surveys/ Survey Monkeys/ Multiple choice surveys/ Likert scale/ Questionnaires/ Surveys will be undertaken and questionnaires will be used to gather information all these will be completed by the stakeholders using techniques and tools such as survey monkeys. This permits participants too much greater level of the anonymity. They will give all new and fresh data Large quantity of data will be gathered from very vast number of people in a short period of time and in very cost effective way The outcomes of questionnaires will be quickly as well as easily quantified Straight questions will be asked that will lead towards accuracy as well as reliability Multiple choice surveys allow getting statistical data and information from stakeholders We can rely on this data as they will be first hand information and will not tend to be outdated ones. Their validity will be assured as the data will be accurate and unbiased. People might not feel comfortable and might lack time to fill the questionnaire. Lack of cooperation from employees would make the data difficult to obtain Few questions can be too long and winded plus the respondents might misunderstand them The data obtained from standard questionnaires might not be instantly available for practical use because analysis takes a lot of time Observations Unlike questionnaires or interviews, the observational method does not put questions to respondents. It collects data about behaviour (Cipd, 2015) Researcher observes and records behaviour that is relevant to his research project. Instant access to information gathered through observation Requires time and resources Size of sample can influence the end results Main difference among primary and secondary sources could actually be ambiguous. Any individual document might be the primary source within one context plus any secondary source within some another. Also time is a major defining element within this context (International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory Practice, 212). Strengths And Weaknesses Of A Research Study STRENGTH WEAKNESS Quantitative study Since information is in the numeric form, one could also apply the factual tests in anyhow making explanations about information. Factual investigation gives us a chance to get essential actualities from examination information. Quantitative studies' incredible quality is giving information that is clear Self-reported data obtained from polls may be mistaken or inadequate. The organisation of an organised survey makes an unnatural circumstance that may distance respond. Qualitative study Qualitative data incorporates data about client practices, needs, fancies, schedules, utilisation cases, and an assortment of other data that is vital in planning an item that will really fit into a client's life. One can't without much of a stretch diminish these depictions to numbers Patterns can't be accepted by computing a p-quality or an impact size as one could approve quantitative information Source: (Kumar, 2005), (Lavrakas, 2008), (Villani, 2006) Presenting Findings To Stakeholders A proper discussion forum including key stakeholders like managers, and sample staffs groups for discussing the real findings might be needed. The main aims and objective of focus group will be to properly discuss result, reliability as well as validity of project. While presenting data to the stakeholders, following methods will be used: Diagrammatic Formats Like Graphs And Tables, Bar Graphs And Charts These provide quantitative research that will be helpful as information is in the numeric form, one could also apply the factual tests in anyhow making explanations about information. Factual investigation gives us a chance to get essential actualities from examination information. Quantitative studies' incredible quality is giving information that is clear (Raedt Flach, 2001) Graphs plus pie charts are effective tools for presenting data and information as well as communicating main points as well as trends. They are exceptionally compelling in keeping stakeholders enthusiasm for the subject. Presenting the outcomes in diagrammatic formats will help making it easier for the stakeholders to peruse and understand (Gov.uk, 2015). They are however more suited to those individuals who are more concerned with numbers rather than factors that have influenced the changes. All this will be used to provide a graphical presentation like the ones depicted below. Pie Chart sample Source: www.gov.scot Bar Chart sample Source: Employee census Narrative formats e.g. Written reports, emails Narrative formats provide qualitative research, and are used to present data gathered through qualitative methods. They are more suited to individuals who are interested in context and background of the study rather than numbers. Written reports will have specific sections that will provide proper clear statement for problem that is posed by this study, like reasons why problem is of real interest as well as discussion that reinforces to reader the entire value as well as implications of work. Newsletters and bulletins are a great way to stay in touch with stakeholders and provide them with detailed and sufficient information regarding strategic development in regards to changes needed in the induction process (Samosamo, 2014) Emails- are also very effective plus instant way towards disseminating the information particularly internally when staffs are to be indulged in the process. Justification Of Choice And Application Of Primary And Secondary Sources Of Data Collection The main purpose of this study will be to find out whether existing induction process actually is effective and in place or not. It will definitely help in process of gathering information from employees and also from management department; a full questionnaire of about 9 questions will be formed, that would take approximately 10 minutes to respond and this will make the process easier and less time consuming and people will like to respond to the questions as well. As the questionnaire will be made for business it will be kept very crisp as well as the questions asked will be straight forward and to the main point which will be also less complex and will consume a little time. Careful and proper consideration will also be given to number of the questions included because people generally do not like to deal with heavy questionnaires containing large number of questions. Questions will be analysed on the Likert scale; and this will help us in knowing and understanding the feedback of the respondent in very clear manner. A whole study which will be suitable in the length will be less probable to anyhow result in the "completion of fatigue". The respondents will be more probable to skip questions if anyhow they find that number of the questions is high. Thus keeping the time of Survey-completion time to just 20 minutes, will help us to manage time and this saved time can be used in the analysis of the answers. (Wildeboer, 2004). Primary research method chosen for the study will be suitable for the research as it will bring in all forms of fresh and first hand data to the researcher. Primary research will be needed to lead through organised meeting from the premise of the auxiliary examination writing audit investigation on information accessible from the records in association and this will definitely help the researcher to observe body language and facial expressions of the respondednt and will definitely help in avoiding biasness and fake answers. Organized Qu estionnaires will be distributed to the selected samples and this questionnaire will help the researcher to attain all new answers and different responses from different respondents which will also avoid lapse of data and also duplication of the same. Persuading The Findings BENEFITS TO EMPLOYER BENEFITS TO STAFFS Management and controlling the early turnover is a vast challenge that plagues most of the managers in these organisations. If this continues in future, the organisations would experience a great scarcity of proper workforce because of enhanced rates of the employee turnover. Thus the change in induction process is a necessity now as orientation stages if dealt with proper care can diminish the risk of any such early turnover that is being seen in the company. Indeed, this research will also show that employees who are engaged in thorough induction at the beginning, are less probable to get terminated by current managers. Thus induction will help managers to foster retention in many ways (Ons.gov.uk, 2015). Induction also reduces the time spent on start up costs and saves time. Research will also indicate that a properly planned and implanted induction as well as change in the old induction programs will accrue major advantages for the staffs and the new joiners as well. As new staffs will be acquainted with new roles, they will be capable of attaining confidence within their novel job. Increased familiarisation will permit staffs towards high productivity as well as spiky individual performance, because staffs will then be able to work comfortably and in a very relaxed ecology. Such comfort will also reflect a total lack of anxiety and fear and will heighten the positive attitudes for work, colleagues, as well as managers (Twinuk.com, 2015). Conclusion: This study will be skilled to get quantitative and additionally subjective aspects of the examination for accomplishing legitimate information in addition to understanding on whether there is a need to change the actuation process when the association is experiencing move or not. This will help in accomplishing the fancied arrangement that the representatives might want to propose. The present prompting procedure does not command giving any data about the association's history. There is a casual desire that the reporting supervisor ought to take the new worker through the organisation history and qualities, vision and objectives. There is not documentation on what has been secured with the new representative. References: Acas.org.uk, (2015). Home | Acas. [online] Available at: https://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1461 [Accessed 30 Jul. 2015]. Bahn, S. and Barratt-Pugh, L. (2012). Evaluation of the mandatory construction induction training program in Western Australia: Unanticipated consequences. Evaluation and Program Planning, 35(3), pp.337-343. Cipd.co.uk, (2015). Championing better work and working lives CIPD. [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/ [Accessed 1 Aug. 2015]. Cipd.co.uk, (2015).Collecting Primary Data. [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/E4D6775E-07B6-4BCF-A912 C3DE563C3F74/0/1843980649SC.pdf/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2015]. Cipd.co.uk, (2014).CIPD Podcast 89- Rethinking Staff Induction. [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/podcasts/89-rethinking-staff-inductions.aspx [Accessed 6 Sep. 2015]. Creswell, J. and Plano Clark, V. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. Daskalaki, M. (2011). Recontextualising New Employee Induction: Organizational Entry as a Change Space. The Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 48(1), pp.93-114. Denk, T. (2010). Comparative multilevel analysis: proposal for a methodology. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 13(1), pp.29-39. Dessler, G. (2000). Human Resource Management. NJ: Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River. Gov.scot, (2015). Publication: Scottish Government Employee Survey 2007. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2008/02/19114652/1 [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Gov.uk, (2015). UK Commission for Employment and Skills - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-commission-for-employment-and-skills [Accessed 3 Aug. 2015]. Gravells, A. (2013). The award in education and training. Los Angeles,: California: SAGE. Holland, J.H.(1989).Induction: Process of Inference Learning and Discovery. Bradford Books Publication Hse.gov.uk, (2015). HSE: Information about health and safety at work. [online] Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/ [Accessed 3 Aug. 2015]. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory Practice. (2012). International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 15(6), p.ebi-ebi. Jha, N. (2008). Research methodology. Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications. Kumar, R. (2005). Research methodology. London: SAGE. Kurtts, S. (2011). Successful induction for new teachers: a guide for NQTs induction tutors, coordinators, and mentors. Teacher Development, 15(1), pp.123-124. Lavrakas, P. (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. Meighan, M.(2000). Induction Training-Effective Steps for Investing in People. London: Kogan Page Publication Mindtools.com, (2015). Mindtools: Stakeholder Analysis. [online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_07.htm#Interactive [Accessed 13 Aug. 2015]. Ons.gov.uk, (2015). Office for National Statistics (ONS) - ONS. [online] Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/index.html [Accessed 4 Aug. 2015]. Raedt,, L. and Flach,, P. (2001). Machine learning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Samosamo, M. (2014). Employee Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Health and Safety Induction at ArcelorMittal, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa. MJSS. Twinuk.com, (2015). Twin Group - Education, Training and Career Development. [online] Available at: https://www.twinuk.com/ [Accessed 4 Aug. 2015]. Twin Group, 2015. Recruitment Induction Policies Procedures. London, Twin Group, Originator: HR , Department: Assurance, Version: 2015/01 Villani, S. (2006). Mentoring and induction programs that support new principals. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press. Wanous, J. and Reichers, A. (2000). New Employee Orientation Programs. Human Resource Management Review, 10(4), pp.435-451. Wildeboer, B. (2004). Staff induction and retention. Practical Pre-School, 2004(43), pp.13-14. Xperthr.co.uk, (2015).Employee Induction 2010. [online] Available at: https://www.xperthr.co.uk/hr-benchmarking/survey/453/.aspx [Accessed 6 Sep. 2015]. Xperthr.co.uk, (2015). XpertHR Induction Survey 2010: delivery and evaluation. [online] Available at: https://www.xperthr.co.uk/survey-analysis/xperthr-induction-survey-2010-delivery-and-evaluation/105644/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2015]. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-43293766340055094732019-12-02T21:12:00.001-08:002019-12-02T21:12:02.478-08:00Mary Rowlandsonââ¬â¢s Jeremiad Essay ExampleMary Rowlandsonââ¬â¢s Jeremiad Essay Prophet Jeremiah from the Old Testament is the most convenient reminder of the meaning of a jeremiad.à A jeremiad is a literary sermon, literally following the prophecy of Jeremiah.à This prophet of God claimed that the society which falls into evil habits and customs would eventually be destroyed.à The prophet was referring to his own society, of course, pointing out its evil habits and customs and warning the people about the effects of the evil, that is, due punishment. Mary Rowlandson wrote a jeremiad called the Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson.à In this literary sermon, the lady did not only quote plenty of scriptures, but also used the basic formulae of the jeremiad by pointing out the ills of society and referring to the punishment that falls upon people that do not strictly obey the word of God.à However, Rowlandson does not always openly exhibit through her writing all the ills of society with reference to her people.à Rather, she uses herself much of the time as an example to display that Godââ¬â¢s wrath falls upon those who do not strictly obey Him.à By so doing, the lady makes her own life a warning for others who too might fall into the devilââ¬â¢s trap the way she did.à Rowlandson writes: We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Rowlandsonââ¬â¢s Jeremiad specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Rowlandsonââ¬â¢s Jeremiad specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Rowlandsonââ¬â¢s Jeremiad specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The next day was the Sabbath.à I then remembered how careless I had been of Gods holy time; how many Sabbaths I had lost and misspent, and how evilly I had walked in Gods sight; which lay so close unto my spirit, that it was easy for me to see how righteous it was with God to cut off the thread of my life and cast me out of His presence forever. The lady also refers to tobacco use as an evil that both she and her people have indulged in.à Referring to tobacco use as a ââ¬Å"bait the devil lays to make men lose their precious time,â⬠she also writes, ââ¬Å"surely there are many who may be better employed than to lie sucking a stinking tobacco-pipe.â⬠Unlike Jeremiah, the lady is writing about her people indirectly in her jeremiad.à She does not talk with Godââ¬â¢s authority on earth as Jeremiah did.à Moreover, the lady uses her own punishments from God as a foremost example to teach people about the effects of evildoing.à While Jeremiah did not do so, Rowlandsonââ¬â¢s narrative follows the formulas of jeremiads anyway by providing a chilling account of Indian captivity.à The lady writes about her child dying a slow and painful death in her arms; a pregnant woman being tortured and killed; and ââ¬Å"bodies wounded and bleeding, and our hearts no less than our bodies.â⬠Once again, unlike Jeremiah, Rowlandson is being punished along with her society.à According to her account, she had started to believe in worldliness before God judged her wrong.à Hence, Rowlandsonââ¬â¢s narrative becomes both, a confession as well as a literary sermon meeting the formulae of jeremiads.à Still, the lady expresses the fact that even the favorite people of God are chastened by Him.à She refers to David in her account: ââ¬Å"They told me I lied, and taking up a hatchet, they came to me, and said they would knock me down if I stirred out again, and so confined me to the wigwam.à Now may I say with David, ââ¬ËI am in a great straitââ¬â¢ (2 Samuel 24.14).â⬠Following this confession/jeremiad, Mrs. Mary Rowlandsonââ¬â¢s becomes innocent again in the eyes of the Lord. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-61294988587875841492019-11-27T07:16:00.001-08:002019-11-27T07:16:04.750-08:00Free Essays on HydrologicThe hydrologic cycle is a rotation of water exchange between the land, the ocean, and the atmosphere on earth. It is an amazing fact that water circulates without any loss of water. à ¡Ã °Hydrologic cycle includes evaporation form the sea, movement of water vapor over the land, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and so onà ¡Ã ±. (p.189) Because it is a complex and long process, humans did not recognize what was exactly going on until recent times. Talking about how humans developed the idea of the hydrologic cycle, we begin with the ideas of people from the sixteenth century. They believed that water discharged by springs and streams could not be derived form the rain, for two reasons. The first reason was that rainfall was treated as inadequate in quantity. The other reason was that they believed the earth was too impervious to permit penetration of water very far below the surface. (p.190) However, people from even earlier ages, the ancients, knew that the ocean never overflowed. So they figured that was why the rivers flowed to the oceans. One thing the ancients wondered about was how the water got into the rivers from the seas, and how it lost its salt content. The evidence suggests that the ancientsà ¡Ã ¯ ideas came from the Bible. In Ecclesiastes 1:7, it says, à ¡Ã ®all the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come thither they return again.à ¡Ã ¯ à ¡Ã °Once again the recognition of the role of infiltration in supplying water to springs and rivers began in the sixteenth centuryà ¡Ã ±. (p.190) Leonardo da Vinci is credited with one of the earliest accurate descriptions of the hydrologic cycle. He was a brilliant scientist, and he was in charge of canals in the Milan area at the time. Probably his occupation of being in charge of canals helped him developing his theory about the hydrologic cycle. Whence we may conclude that the water goes form... Free Essays on Hydrologic Free Essays on Hydrologic The hydrologic cycle is a rotation of water exchange between the land, the ocean, and the atmosphere on earth. It is an amazing fact that water circulates without any loss of water. à ¡Ã °Hydrologic cycle includes evaporation form the sea, movement of water vapor over the land, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and so onà ¡Ã ±. (p.189) Because it is a complex and long process, humans did not recognize what was exactly going on until recent times. Talking about how humans developed the idea of the hydrologic cycle, we begin with the ideas of people from the sixteenth century. They believed that water discharged by springs and streams could not be derived form the rain, for two reasons. The first reason was that rainfall was treated as inadequate in quantity. The other reason was that they believed the earth was too impervious to permit penetration of water very far below the surface. (p.190) However, people from even earlier ages, the ancients, knew that the ocean never overflowed. So they figured that was why the rivers flowed to the oceans. One thing the ancients wondered about was how the water got into the rivers from the seas, and how it lost its salt content. The evidence suggests that the ancientsà ¡Ã ¯ ideas came from the Bible. In Ecclesiastes 1:7, it says, à ¡Ã ®all the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come thither they return again.à ¡Ã ¯ à ¡Ã °Once again the recognition of the role of infiltration in supplying water to springs and rivers began in the sixteenth centuryà ¡Ã ±. (p.190) Leonardo da Vinci is credited with one of the earliest accurate descriptions of the hydrologic cycle. He was a brilliant scientist, and he was in charge of canals in the Milan area at the time. Probably his occupation of being in charge of canals helped him developing his theory about the hydrologic cycle. Whence we may conclude that the water goes form... fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-42084975206268745092019-11-23T14:50:00.001-08:002019-11-23T14:50:06.047-08:00Easiest Colleges to Get IntoEasiest Colleges to Get Into SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Applying to colleges is stressful, and you often don't know whether you've gotten in until well after you've submitted your application.It's therefore useful to have safety schools as a backup. These are colleges that you're almost certain you'll get into if you apply. We've compiled a thorough guide of the easiest colleges to get into in the United States. Find out which schools have the highest admissions rates, which schools give you guaranteed admissions if you meet absolute requirements, and which schools have the lowest average SAT/ACT scores. What an "easy college to get into" usually depends on your specific circumstances and application. If you scored a perfect 2400 on the SAT or 36 on the ACT, most colleges will be easy to get into. For below average students, schools that have high admission rates and low requirements will be easy colleges to get into. Whatever your personal situation, having "safety schools" is critical to your college application strategy. You don't want to end up with zero admissions offers in your senior spring, so it's important to have a few schools that you're almost certain will accept you if you apply. Thus, we've compiled three collections of schools that are easy to get into in their own way. First, we'll discuss schools in the US with the highest admission rates, which means nearly all the people who apply to them get admitted. Next, we'll find schools withguaranteed admissions - if you meet their requirements, they will guarantee you a spot, no matter what. Finally, we'll discuss schools with thelowest average SAT/ACT scores - if you're performing a bit below average, these schools are a good bet for you. Colleges with the Highest Admissions Rates (Top 100) The hardest schools to get into have admissions rates below 10% - Harvard, for example, has an admissions rate of 5.9%. Out of 1000 students who apply, only 59 get in. In contrast, the easist colleges to get into have nearly 100% admissions rates - if you apply, you can almost certainly get in. Unlike community colleges (which also have 100% admissions rates), the below schools are usually affiliated with state university systems. Here's a list of the 100 colleges with the highest admissions rates: School City State Admissions Rate Bismarck State College Bismarck ND 100% City University of Seattle Seattle WA 100% CUNY - College of Staten Island Staten Island NY 100% CUNY - Medgar Evers College Brooklyn NY 100% Daytona State College Daytona Beach FL 100% Dixie State College of Utah Saint George UT 100% Granite State College Concord NH 100% Indian River State College Fort Pierce FL 100% Jarvis Christian College Hawkins TX 100% Metropolitan State University St. Paul MN 100% Missouri Western State University St. Joseph MO 100% New Mexico Highlands University Las Vegas NM 100% Oklahoma State University - Oklahoma City Oklahoma City OK 100% University of Maryland - University College Adelphi MD 100% University of Pikeville Pikeville KY 100% University of the Potomac Washington DC 100% Utah Valley University Orem UT 100% Wayne State College Wayne NE 100% Weber State University Ogden UT 100% Western International University Tempe AZ 100% Cameron University Lawton OK 99.80% Lewis-Clark State College Lewiston ID 99.80% University of Texas - El Paso El Paso TX 99.80% Brigham Young University - Idaho Rexburg ID 99.60% Wilmington University New Castle DE 99.50% Lyndon State College Lyndonville VT 99.30% Montana State University - Billings Billings MT 99.30% Kendall College Chicago IL 99.20% Virginia Intermont College Bristol VA 99% Ottawa University Ottawa KS 98.90% Wayland Baptist University Plainview TX 98.60% Utah State University Logan UT 98.50% Pfeiffer University Misenheimer NC 98.30% Washburn University Topeka KS 98.20% East Central University Ada OK 98.10% Midland University Fremont NE 98% Walden University Minneapolis MN 98.00% Colorado Christian University Lakewood CO 97.60% Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College St. Mary-of-the-Woods IN 97.50% Huntington University Huntington IN 97.30% Missouri Southern State University Joplin MO 97.30% Evergreen State College Olympia WA 97.10% Ohio Christian University Circleville OH 97.10% Benedictine College Atchison KS 97% University of Sioux Falls Sioux Falls SD 97% University of St. Francis Fort Wayne IN 96.80% Indiana Wesleyan University Marion IN 96.70% Nyack College Nyack NY 96.70% University of Akron Akron OH 96.50% Wright State University Dayton OH 96.30% Martin Luther College New Ulm MN 96.20% Kansas State University Manhattan KS 95.90% Wichita State University Wichita KS 95.80% University of Montana Missoula MT 95.70% Hodges University Naples FL 95.60% University of Wyoming Laramie WY 95.50% Victory University Memphis TN 95.50% Colorado State University - Pueblo Pueblo CO 95.40% University of Maine - Augusta Augusta ME 95.40% Carlow University Pittsburgh PA 95.20% University of Houston - Downtown Houston TX 95.10% Bethel University St. Paul MN 94.90% Lubbock Christian University Lubbock TX 94.90% Bellarmine University Louisville KY 94.80% Berkeley College Woodland Park NJ 94.70% Concordia University Texas Austin TX 94.60% Wiley College Marshall TX 94.40% Shepherd University Shepherdstown WV 94.30% Berkeley College New York NY 94.20% Neumann University Aston PA 94% Trinity International University Deerfield IL 93.90% Marygrove College Detroit MI 93.80% Walla Walla University College Place WA 93.80% Southern Wesleyan University Central SC 93.70% Clarion University of Pennsylvania Clarion PA 93.50% Judson University Elgin IL 93.40% St. John's College Santa Fe NM 93.40% Northern State University Aberdeen SD 93.30% Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 93.20% University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio TX 93.10% Virginia Wesleyan College Norfolk VA 92.90% Franklin Pierce University Rindge NH 92.70% Mary Baldwin College Staunton VA 92.50% Southern Oregon University Ashland OR 92.50% Grand View University Des Moines IA 92.30% Mansfield University of Pennsylvania Mansfield PA 92.30% Regis University Denver CO 92.30% Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 92.30% Western State Colorado University Gunnison CO 92.30% Bard College at Simon's Rock Great Barrington MA 92.20% Linfield College McMinnville OR 92.20% Iona College New Rochelle NY 92.10% University of Central Arkansas Conway AR 92.10% Freed-Hardeman University Henderson TN 92% South Carolina State University Orangeburg SC 92% South Dakota State University Brookings SD 91.90% Davenport University Grand Rapids MI 91.70% Lee University Cleveland TN 91.70% Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL 91.40% Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 91.40% These are definitely some of the easiest schools to get into. Applying to any of these schools will give you a great shot at getting in. For schools that have less than a 100% admissions rate, you should still create a target SAT score or target ACT score so you can figure out what minimum SAT/ACT score you need to get in. Colleges with Guaranteed Admissions Some colleges have policies that grant youautomatically grant you admission once you fulfill their academic criteria. The school will usually require a minimum GPA and/or a minimum SAT/ACT score. If you exceed these guidelines, you're in! What's the difference from the 100% colleges above?These schools are actually typically more selective for the overall population. For example, University of Texas at Austin has a 40.2% acceptance rate, but if you're a Texas resident and are in the top 10% of your class, you'll automatically be admitted. These schools are therefore more competitive (and usually have a better reputation) than the schools in the list above, so if you qualify, these are good bets for safety schools. Each school has different criteria, but we've done the hard work of gathering all the schools in one list for you - just click on the school to see their exact admissions policies. California State University Central Washington University Mississippi State University North Dakota State University Oklahoma State University South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Southern Illinois University Truman State University University of Arkansas University of Denver University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Las Vegas University of Mississippi University of Southern Mississippi University of St Francis University of Texas If you pick one, this might be the easiest college to get into for you. Colleges with the Lowest SAT/ACT Scores Aside from the schools listed already, some schools have very low SAT/ACT score averages. If you score above the average, you're very likely to be admitted. These represent some of the colleges that are easy to get into. Some of these schools have already appeared above, but here we show their 25th percentile and 75th percentile SAT scores (their ACT scores will be similar when you convert the SAT to the ACT). School 25th %ile 75th %ile Northern State University 790 20 Union College 880 40 Rust College 970 60 North Park University 935 68 University of Louisiana at Lafayette 940 90 University of South Dakota 890 1200 Livingstone College 950 1210 University of Louisiana Monroe 940 1220 Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science 1066 1233 Saint Pauls College 800 1260 University of Michigan Dearborn 968 1260 Paine College 1010 1280 Chowan University 1040 1290 Marietta College 940 1290 Lincoln Christian University 40 1291 Pine Manor College 990 1300 Edward Waters College 1050 1310 Kentucky State University 1016 1318 University of Missouri Kansas City 1000 1330 Virginia State University 1090 1335 School of the Art Institute of Chicago 900 1340 Fayetteville State University 40 1350 University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff 1018 1353 Elizabeth City State University 50 1360 Missouri Valley College 90 1360 Texas Southern University 00 1360 Grand View University 40 1370 Savannah State University 40 1370 North Carolina Central University 60 1380 What to Do Next Even if you're applying to the nation's easiest colleges to get into, you'll still need to take the SAT or ACT. Figure out what your SAT Target Score or ACT Target Score ought to be, for the schools you're applying to. Find out what the best SAT and ACT test dates are and how to organize your testing schedule. Aiming high? Find out what it takes to get a perfect SAT score. Even if you feel your chances at college are low right now, we still heavily encourage you to try to improve your SAT or ACT score.Increasing your SAT score by 120 points or your ACT score by 3 points will completely change the quality of school that you can get into. This can have a huge impact on your salary after graduation. At PrepScholar, we've built the leading online SAT/ACT prep program. It's special because it customizes your prep program to you - you'll improve the most by spending the least time studying. Best of all, we offer a score improvement guarantee - if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points, we give all your money back. Sign up for our 5-day free trial today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Allen Cheng About the Author As co-founder and head of product design at PrepScholar, Allen has guided thousands of students to success in SAT/ACT prep and college admissions. He's committed to providing the highest quality resources to help you succeed. Allen graduated from Harvard University summa cum laude and earned two perfect scores on the SAT (1600 in 2004, and 2400 in 2014) and a perfect score on the ACT. You can also find Allen on his personal website, Shortform, or the Shortform blog. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.b3867206-7a38-451c-a593-a9dbabaab882'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-35527006192299547632019-11-21T05:13:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:13:12.648-08:00In class essay2 (1) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsIn class essay2 (1) - Essay Example Therefore, if the bone of contention is cost of installation, then concern should be addressed through government subsidy whereby the government should be made to understand that in the event that it subsidize cables, then it is easy for power companies to consider laying power cables underground. This will limit exposure to adverse weather elements that cause interruptions. This way, the government will be helping in making sure that its citizens have access to uninterrupted power supply and probably say bye to blackouts associated with adverse weather conditions (Fecht 1). Assuming that the government does consider subsidy, or even if it does not consider subsidy, whose responsibility should it be to see that the underground cables are laid? In other words should the government, or residents pay for the cost of installing underground power line? As much as this question may be subjected to various opinions, it appears to me that all of them are stakeholders. The government, residents, and the power company should all contribute towards the cost of installing the underground power line. The government has a responsibility to its citizens. As such, should provide part of the funds for installation. The moment there is power blackout, a lot of government job goes undone, inevitably drawing the government in as a stakeholder in the whole scenario. Coupled with its responsibility to ensure that citizens receive all the essential services, the government should not play the second fiddle in the matter. Secondly, the power company should also contribute to t he cost of installation since eventually, all the installations remain their assets from which they earn profits. Lastly, the residents should also contribute something little so that they can have a voice in the whole process to facilitate speedy resolution and installation. However, the fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-59848484485533540762019-11-20T02:08:00.001-08:002019-11-20T02:08:03.093-08:00Advertising and promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1Advertising and promotion - Essay Example This "Advertising and promotion" essay outlines the changes that happened in these industries with the advent of the Internet and mass media development, changes in structures and etc. Marketing communication industry consists of client companies or the advertising party, the advertising agency and the media and other service or production agencies. The advertising agency plays the role of an intermediary, linking the advertisers with the media and other service providers. With the advent of the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) approach, more and more companies choose to appoint an advertising agency and coordinate and direct all marketing communications through the agency (Kotler & Amstrong, 2000). Production houses, other support service providers & media houses liais with the agency, who is appointed to represent the needs of the advertising client. Marketing communication industry consists of client companies or the advertising party, the advertising agency and the media and other service or production agencies. The advertising agency plays the role of an intermediary, linking the advertisers with the media and other service providers. With the advent of the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) approach, more and more companies choose to appoint an advertising agency and coordinate and direct all marketing communications through the agency (Kotler & Amstrong, 2000). Production houses, other support service providers & media houses liais with the agency, who is appointed to represent the needs of the advertising client. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-45516577220922992332019-11-17T14:38:00.001-08:002019-11-17T14:38:08.050-08:00Kant and Equality Essay Example for Free Kant and Equality Essay Some readers of this essay will have become impatient by now; because they believe that the problem that perplexes me has been definitively solved by Immanuel Kant. It is certainly true that Kant held strong opinions on this matter. In an often-quoted passage, he reports a personal conversion from elitism: ââ¬Å"I am myself a researcher by inclination. I feel the whole thirst for knowledge and the eager unrest to move further on into it, also satisfaction with each acquisition. There was a time when I thought this alone could constitute the honor of humanity and despised the know nothing rabble. Rousseau set me straight. This delusory superiority vanishes, I learn to honor men, and I would find myself more useless than a common laborer if I did not believe this observation could give everyone a value which restores the rights of humanity. â⬠What Kant learned from Rousseau was the proposition that the basis of human equality is the dignity that each human person possesses in virtue of the capacity for autonomy (moral freedom). This moral freedom has two aspects, the capacity to set ends for oneself according to oneââ¬â¢s conception of what is good, and the capacity to regulate oneââ¬â¢s choice of ends and of actions to achieve oneââ¬â¢s ends by oneââ¬â¢s conception of what morality requires. According to Kantââ¬â¢s psychology, brute animals are determined to act as instinct inclines them, but a rational being has the power to interrogate the inclinations it feels, to raise the question what it is reasonable to do in given circumstances, and to choose to do what reason suggests even against all inclinations. The question arises whether Kantââ¬â¢s psychology is correct, or remotely close to correct. Perhaps something like the conflict between conscience and inclination is experienced by social animals other than humans. Perhaps the freedom that Kant imputes to human on metaphysical grounds can be shown to be either empirically nonexistent or illusory. For our purposes we can set these questions aside and simply presume that the human psychological complexity envisaged by Kant does describe capacity we possess, whether or not it is shared with other animals. My question is whether Kantââ¬â¢s characterization, if it was correct, would have the normative implication she draws from it. It might seem that the Kantian picture helps to show how moral freedom is arrange concept, which does not significantly admit of degrees. If one has the capacity to set an end for oneself, one does not possess this freedom to a lesser extent just because one cannot set fancy ends, or because other persons can set fancier ends. If one has the power to regulate choice of ends by oneââ¬â¢s sense of what is morally right, one does not possess this freedom to a lesser extent because one cannot understand sophisticated moral considerations, or because other persons can understand more sophisticated moral considerations. Moreover, one might hold that it is having or lacking the freedom which is important, not having or lacking the capacity to exercise the freedom in fancy ways. But the old worries lurk just around the corner. The Kantian view is that there are indeed capacities that are crucial for the ascription of fundamental moral status that do not vary in degree. One either has the capacity or one does not, and thatââ¬â¢s that. If the crucial capacities have this character, then the problem of how to draw a no arbitrary line on a continuum and hold all beings on one side of the line full persons and all beings on the other side of the line lesser beings does not arise. The line separating persons and nonpersons will be non arbitrary, and there will be no basis for further differentiation of moral status. One is either a person or not, and all persons are equal. Consider the capacity to set an end, to choose a goal and decide on an action to achieve it. One might suppose that all humans have this capacity except for the permanently comatose and the anencephalic. So all humans are entitled to a fundamental equal moral status. This view is strengthened by noting that there are other capacities that do admit of degrees that interact with the no degree capacities. Individuals who equally have the capacity to set an end may well differ in the quality of their end-setting performances. Some are able to set ends more reasonably than others. But these differences in performance do not gainsay the fundamental equal capacity. It is just that having a high or low level of associated capacities enables or impedes successful performance. So the fact that individuals differ in their abilities to do arithmetic and more complex mathematical operations that affect their ability to make rational choices should have no tendency to obscure the more basic and morally status-conferring equality in the capacity of each person to make choices. In response: First of all, if several of these no degree capacities were relevant to moral status, one must possess all to be at the top status, and some individuals possess more and others fewer of the relevant capacities, a problem of hierarchy, though perhaps a manageable one, would emerge anew. More important, I doubt there is a plausible no degree capacity that can do the work this argument assigns to it. Take the capacity to set ends and make choices. Consider a being that has little brain power, but over the course of its life can set just a few ends and make just a few choices based on considering two or three simple alternatives. It sets one end (lunch, now) per decade three times over the course of its life. If there is a capacity to set ends, period, not admitting of degrees, this being possesses it. The point is that it is clearly not merely the capacity to set ends, but something more complex that renders a being a person in our eyes. What matters is whether or not one has the capacity to set sensible ends and to pick among alternative end at a reasonable pace, sorting through complex considerations that bear on the choice of ends and responding in a rational way to these considerations. But this capacity, along with any similar or related capacity that might be urged as a substitute for it, definitely admits of degrees. The same point would hold if we pointed to free will or moral autonomy as the relevant person-determining capacity. It is not the ability to choose an end on ground of consideration for moral considerations merely, but the ability to do this in a nuanced and fine-grained responsive way, that is plausibly deemed to entitle a being to personhood status. In general, we single out rationality, the ability to respond appropriately to reasons, as the capacity that is pertinent to personhood, by itself or in conjunction with related abilities, and rationality so understood admits of degrees. Kant may well have held that the uses of reason that are required in order to have a well-functioning conscience that can tell right from wrong are not very sophisticated and are well within the reach of all non crazy non feebleminded humans. Ordinary intelligence suffices. His discussions of applying the categorical imperative test certainly convey this impression. But commentators tend to agree that there is no simple all-purpose moral test that easily answers all significant moral questions. Thus Christine Korsgaard cautions that the categorical imperative test is not a ââ¬Å"Geiger counterâ⬠for detecting the presence of moral duties, and Barbara Herman observes that the application of the categorical imperative test to cases cannot be a mechanical procedure but relies on prior moral understanding by the agent and on the agentââ¬â¢s capacity to make relevant moral discriminations and judgments and to characterize her own proposed maxims perspicuously. These comments confirm what should be clear in any event: Moral problems can be complex and difficult, and there is no discernible upper bound to the complexity of the reasoning required to master and perhaps solve them. But suppose I do the best I can with my limited cognitive resources, I make a judgment as to what is morally right, however misguided, and I am conscientiously resolved to do what I take to be morally right. The capacity to do what is right can be factored into two components, the ability to decide what is right and the ability to dispose oneself to do what one thinks is right. One might hold the latter capacity to be the true locus of human dignity and worth. Resisting temptation and doing what one thinks is right is noble and admirable even if oneââ¬â¢s conscience is a broken thermometer. However, one might doubt that being disposed to follow oneââ¬â¢s conscience is unambiguously good when oneââ¬â¢s conscience is seriously in error. For one thing, moral flaws such as a lazy indisposition to hard thinking and an obsequious deference toward established power and authority might play a large role in fixing the content of oneââ¬â¢s judgments of conscience. A conceited lack of healthy skepticism about oneââ¬â¢s cognitive powers might be a determinant of oneââ¬â¢s strong disposition to do whatever one thinks to be right. Even if Kant is correct that the good will, the will directed unfailingly at what is truly right, has an absolute and unconditional worth, it is doubtful that the would-be good will, a will directed toward what it takes to be right on whatever flimsy or solid grounds appeal to it, has such worth. Take an extreme case: Suppose a particular person has a would-be good will that is always in error. This could be strong or righteous, so that the agent always does what he thinks is right, or weak and corrupt, so that the agent never does what she thinks is right. If the will is always in error, the odds of doing the right thing are increased if the would-be good will is weak and corrupt. Some might value more highly on consequential grounds the weak and corrupt erroneous will, even though the strong and righteous invariably erroneous will always shines like a jewel in its own right. And some might hold that quite aside from the expected consequences, acting on a seriously erroneous judgment of right is inherently of lesser worth than acting on correct judgment of right. Even if the disposition to do what one thinks morally right is unassailable, its purported value does not provide a sound basis for asserting the equal worth and dignity of human persons. The capacity to act conscientiously itself varies empirically across persons like any other valued capacity. A favorable genetic endowment and favorable early socialization experiences bestow more of this capacity on some persons and less on others. If we think of an agentââ¬â¢s will as disposed more or less strongly to do what she conscientiously believes to be right, different individuals with the same disposition will experience good and bad luck in facing temptations that exceed their resolve. Even if we assume that agents always have freedom of the will, it will be difficult to different degrees for different persons to exercise their free will as conscience dictates. Moreover, individuals will vary in their psychological capacities to dispose their will to do what conscience dictates. One might retreat further to the claim that all persons equally can try to dispose their will to do what is right, even if they will succeed in this enterprise to different degrees. But the ability to try is also a psychological capacity that we should expect would vary empirically across persons. At times Kant seems to appeal to epistemic grounds in reasoning from the goodness of the good will to the equal worth and dignity of all human persons. We donââ¬â¢t know what anyoneââ¬â¢s inner motivations are, even our own, so the judgment that anyone is firmly disposed to do what is right can never be confirmed. But surely the main issue is whether humans are so ordered that we ought to accord them fundamental equal moral status, not whether, given our beliefs, it is reasonable for us to act as if they are so ordered. The idea that there is a threshold of rational agency capacity such that any being with a capacity above the threshold is a person equal in fundamental moral status to all other persons prompts a worry about how to identify this threshold non arbitrarily. It might seem that only the difference between nil capacity and some capacity would preclude the skeptical doubt that the line set at any positive level of capacity could just as well have been set higher or lower. Regarding the proposal to identify any above-zero capacity as qualifying one for personhood, we imagine a being with barely a glimmer of capacity to perceive the good and the right and to dispose its will toward their attainment. The difference between none and some might be infinitesimal, after all. However, a threshold need not be razor-thin. Perhaps there is a line below which beings with rational capacities in this range are definitely not persons and a higher level such that all beings with capacities above this level are definitely persons. Beings with rational capacities that fall in the middle range or gray area between these levels are near-persons. The levels can be set sufficiently far apart that the difference between scoring at the lower and the higher levels is undeniably of moral significance. But the difference between the rational capacities of the beings just above the higher line, call them marginal persons, and the beings at the upper end of the scale who have saintly genius capacities, is not thereby shown to be insignificant. At the lower end we might imagine persons like the villains depicted in the Dirty Harry Clint Eastwood movies. These unfortunates are not shown as having moral capacities which they are flouting, but rather as bad by nature, and perhaps not entitled to full human rights. No doubt this is a crass outlook, but the question remains whether the analysis we can offer of the basis for human equality generates a refutation of it. Suppose someone asserts that the difference between the rational agency capacities of the most perceptive saints and the most unreflective and animalistic villains defines a difference in fundamental moral status that is just as important for morality as the difference between the rational agency capacities of near-persons and marginal persons. What mistake does this claim embody? COMMENTS ON KANTS ETHICAL THEORY Because we so commonly take it for granted that moral values are intimately connected with the goal of human well-being or happiness, Kants insistence that these two concepts are absolutely independent makes it difficult to grasp his point of view and easy to misunderstand it. The following comments are intended to help the you to avoid the most common misunderstandings and appreciate the sort of outlook that characterizes what Kant takes to be the heart of the ethical life. Kants ethical theory is often cited as the paradigm of a deontological theory. Although the theory certainly can be seriously criticized, it remains probably the finest analysis of the bases of the concepts of moral principle and moral obligation. Kants endeavor to ground moral duty in the nature of the human being as essentially a rational being marks him as the last great Enlightenment thinker. In spite of the fact that his critical philosophy in epistemology and metaphysics brought an end to The Age of Reason, in ethics his attempt to derive the form of any ethical duty from the very nature of a rational being is the philosophical high water mark of the Enlightenments vision of humanity as essentially and uniquely rational. What Kant aims to provide is a metaphysics of morals in the sense of an analysis of the grounds of moral obligation in the nature of a rational being. In other words, Kant aims to deduce his ethical theory purely by a priori reasoning from the concept of what it is to be a human person as a rational agent. The fact that people have the faculty of being able to use reason to decide how to act expresses the fundamental metaphysical principle -the basis or foundation in the nature of reality- on which Kants ethical theory is erected. Kant begins his treatise, The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals with the famous dramatic sentence: Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good without qualification, except a good will. 1. What does Kant mean by good without qualification? Obviously people try to seek and avoid many different sorts of things; those things which they seek they call good, while those they try to avoid, they call bad. These goods which people seek may be divided into those which are sought as means to some further end and those which they seek as good as ends in themselves. Obviously some things may be good as means to one end and bad as means to some other end. Different persons, motivated by different ends, will thus find different things good and bad (relative to their different ends). More food is good to a starving man, but it is bad to one overweight. In order for something to be good without qualification it must not be merely good as means to one end but bad as means to some other end. It must be sought as good totally independently of serving as a means to something else; it must be good in-itself. Furthermore, while one thing may be good as means relative to a particular end, that end becomes a means relative to some other end. So a college diploma may be sought as good as a means for the end of a higher-paying job. And a higher-paying job may be good as a means to increased financial security; and increased financial security may be good as a means to obtaining the necessities of life as well as a few of its luxuries. However, if we seek A only for the sake of B, and B only for the sake of C, etc. , then there is never a justification for seeking A at the beginning of such a series unless there is something at the end of that series which we seek as a good in-itself not merely as means to some further end. Such an ultimate end would then be an absolute rather than a relative good. Kant means that a good will is good without qualification as such an absolute good in-itself, universally good in every instance and never merely as good to some yet further end. 2. Why is a good will the only thing which is universally absolutely good? Kants point is that to be universally and absolutely good, something must be good in every instance of its occurrence. He argues that all those things which people call good (including intelligence, wit, judgment, courage, resolution, perseverance, power, riches, honor, health, and even happiness itself) can become extremely bad and mischievous if the will which is to make use of them is not good. In other words, if we imagine a bad person (i. e. one who willed or wanted to do evil), who had all of these so-called goods (intelligence, wit, etc. ), these very traits would make only that much worse his will to do what is wrong. (We would get the criminal master-mind of the comic books. ) Even health often also cited as a good in- itself may serve to make a person insensitive and indifferent to the lack of good health in others. 3. Isnt happiness such a universal, absolute good in-itself? Kant answers clearly, No. However, many philosophers (the ones we call eudaemonists) have assumed the obvious answer to be Yes. All ancient eudaemonistic ethical theories as well as modern utilitarian theories virtually define happiness as the absolute end of all ethical behavior. Such eudaemonistic ethical theories are attractive because of the fact that they make it easy to answer the question Why should I do what is morally right? For any eudaemonistic theory the answer will always be Because the morally right action is always ultimately in the interest of your own happiness. Since these theories generally assume that people really are motivated by a desire for their own happiness, their only problem is to show that the morally right action really does serve as the best means to obtain the end of happiness. Once you are led to see this, so such theories assume, the question Why should I do what is morally right? is automatically answered. Kant totally rejects this eudaemonistic way of ethical theorizing; he calls decisions made according to such a calculation of what produces your own happiness prudential decisions and he distinguishes them sharply from ethical decisions. This is not because Kant thinks we are not motivated by a desire for happiness, in fact like the ancient philosophers, he takes it for granted that we are; however, such motivation cannot be that which makes an action ethically right or wrong. The fact that an action might lead to happiness cannot be the grounds of moral obligation. Kant regards the notion of happiness as both too indefinite and too empirical to serve as the grounds for moral obligation why we ought to do something. In the first place it is too indefinite because all people have very different sorts of talents, tastes and enjoyments which mean in effect that one persons happiness may be another persons misery. This is because the concept is empirical in the sense that the only way you can know whether what you seek will actually serve to bring you happiness is by experience. As Kant points out, it is impossible that the most clear-sighted [man] should frame to himself a definite conception of what he really wills in this. Since we cannot know a priori before an action whether it really will be conducive to our happiness (because the notion is so indefinite that even the most clear-sighted amongst us cannot know everything that must form part of his own happiness) the desire for our own happiness cannot serve as a motive to determine our will to do this or that action. Moreover, Kant observes that even the general well-being and contentment with ones condition that is called happiness, can inspire pride, and often presumption, if there is not a good will to correct the influence of these on the mind. In other words happiness cannot be good without qualification for if we imagine it occurring in a person totally devoid of the desire to do what is right, it could very well lead to all sorts of immoral actions. 4. What does Kant mean by a good will? To act out of a good will for Kant means to act out of a sense of moral obligation or duty. In other words, the moral agent does a particular action not because of what it produces (its consequences) in terms of human experience, but because he or she recognizes by reasoning that it is morally the right thing to do and thus regards him or herself as having a moral duty or obligation to do that action. One may of course as an added fact get some pleasure or other gain from doing the right thing, but to act morally, one does not do it for the sake of its desirable consequences, but rather because one understands that it is morally the right thing to do. In this respect Kants view towards morality parallels the Christians view concerning obedience to Gods commandments, according to which the Christian obeys Gods commandments simply because God commands them, not for the sake of rewards in heaven after death or from fear of punishment in hell. In a similar way, for Kant the rational being does what is morally right because he recognizes himself as having a moral duty to do so rather than for anything he or she may get out of it. 5. When does one act from a motive of doing ones duty? Kant answers that we do our moral duty when our motive is determined by a principle recognized by reason rather than the desire for any expected consequence or emotional feeling which may cause us to act the way we do. The will is defined as that which provides the motives for our actions. Obviously many times we are motivated by specific desires or emotions. I may act the way I do from a feeling of friendship for a particular individual, or from desire for a particular consequence. I may also be motivated by particular emotions of fear, or envy, or pity, etc. When I act in these ways, I am motivated by a desire for a particular end; in Kants vocabulary I am said to act out of inclination. Insofar as an action is motivated by inclination, the motive to do it is contingent upon the desire for the particular end which the action is imagined to produce. Thus as different rational agents might have different inclinations, there is no one motive from inclination common to all rational beings. Kant distinguishes acts motivated by inclination from those done on principle. For example someone may ask why I did a certain thing, and point out that it brought me no gain, or perhaps even made life a bit less pleasant; to which I might reply, I know I do not stand to gain by this action, but I do it because of the principle of the thing. For Kant, this sort of state of mind is the essence of the moral consciousness. When I act on principle the sole factor determining my motive is that this particular action exemplifies a particular case falling under a general law or maxim. For Kant the mental process by which the actor understands that a particular case falls under a certain principle is an exercise in reasoning, or to be more precise, what Kant called practical reason, reason used as a guide to action. (Pure Reason is reason used to attain certainty, or what Kant called scientific knowledge. ) Since to have moral worth an action must be done on principle, and to see that a certain principle applies to a particular action requires the exercise of reason, only rational beings can be said to behave morally. 6. Why does Kant believe that to have moral worth an action must be done on principle rather than inclination? Kants argument here may seem strange to the contemporary outlook, for it assumes that everything in nature is designed to serve a purpose. Now it is an obvious fact that human beings do have a faculty of practical reason, reason applied to the guidance of actions. (Kant is of course fully aware the people often fail to employ this faculty; i. e. they act non-rationally (without reason) or even irrationally (against what reason dictates); but he intends that his ethical theory is normative, prescribing how people ought to behave, rather than descriptive of how they actually do behave.) If everything in nature serves some purpose then the faculty of practical reason must have some purpose. Kant argues that this purpose cannot be merely the attainment of some specific desired end, or even the attainment of happiness in general, for if it were, it would have been far better for nature simply to have endowed persons with an instinct to achieve this end, as is the case with the non- rational animals. Therefore, the fact that human beings have a faculty of practical reason cannot be explained by claiming that it allows them to attain some particular end. So the fact that reason can guide our actions, but cannot do so for the sake of achieving some desired end, leads Kant to the conclusion that the function of practical reason must be to allow humans as rational beings to apply general principles to particular instances of action, or in other words to engage in moral reasoning as a way of determining ones moral obligation: what is the right action to do. Thus we act morally only when we act rationally to apply a moral principle to determine the motive of our action. 7. Do all persons have the same moral duties? According to Kant only rational beings can be said to act morally. Reason for Kant (as for all the Enlightenment thinkers) is the same for all persons; in other words there isnt a poor mans reason versus a rich mans reason or a white mans reason versus a black mans reason. All persons are equal as potentially rational beings. Therefore, if reason dictates that one person, in a particular situation, has a moral duty to do a particular thing, then any person, in that same situation, would equally well have a duty to do that same thing. In this sense Kants reasoning parallels the way in which stoicism led Roman lawyers to the conclusion that all citizens are equal before the law. Thus Kant is a moral absolutist in the sense that all persons have the same moral duties, for all persons are equal as rational beings. But this absolutism does not mean that Kant holds that our moral duties are not relative to the situation in which we find ourselves. Thus it is quite possible for Kant to conclude that in one particular situation I may have a duty to keep my promise, but in another situation (in which, for example, keeping a promise conflicts with a higher duty) I may equally well be morally obligated to break a promise. 8. Why is it that actions done for the sake of some end cannot have moral worth? Since what ones moral duties are in a particular situation are the same for all persons, ones moral duties must be independent of the particular likes and dislikes of the moral agent. Now any action which is motivated by the desire for some particular end presupposes that the agent has the desire for that end. However, from the simple concept of a rational being it is not possible to deduce that any particular rational being would have any particular desired ends. Most people, of course, desire to seek pleasure and avoid pain, but there is no logical contradiction involved in the notion of a rational being who does not desire pleasure or perhaps who desires pain. Thus reason does not dictate that any particular rational being has any particular end. But if the desire for a particular end gave an action its moral worth, then only those rational beings who happened in fact to desire that end would regard such actions as good, while those that desired to avoid such an end, would regard the action as bad. (Thus for example eudaemonistic theories which assume the end of achieving happiness is what gives an action its moral value, would serve to induce only those beings who happened to have the desire for happiness to behave morally. For those rational beings who happened to desire to avoid happiness, there would be no incentive to behave morally and what appears good to the happiness-seeker will appear positively bad to one who seeks to avoid happiness. ) But, as we have seen above, Kants absolutism reaches the conclusion that moral obligation is the same for all persons. Thus the ground of moral obligation, what makes an action a moral duty, cannot lie in the end which that act produces. 9. What does reason tell us about the principle that determines the morally dutiful motive? Since Kant has ruled out the ends (i. e. the consequences) which an act produces as well as any motive but those determined by the application of principle as determining moral duty, he is faced now with the task of deriving the fundamental principles of his ethical theory solely from the concept of what it is to be a rational being. He now argues (in a very obscure manner) that from this notion of what is demanded by being rational, he can deduce that it would be irrational to act on any principle which would not apply equally to any other actor in the same situation. In other words, Kant claims that reason dictates that the act we are morally obligated to do is one which is motivated by adherence to a principle which could, without inconsistency, be held to apply to any (and all) rational agents. This fundamental ethical principle, which is commonly called The Categorical Imperative, Kant summarizes with the statement that I am never to act otherwise than so that I could also will that my maxim become a universal law. Kants claim that Reason demands the moral agent to act on a universal law thus in many ways parallels Jesus dictum that God commands that those who love Him obey The Golden Rule. 10. What is a categorical imperative? Any statement of moral obligation which I make the principle of my action (my maxim in Kants vocabulary), in the context of a specific situation, constitutes an imperative. I might, in such a situation, choose to act on a statement of the form, If I desire some specific end (e. g. happiness, maximum pleasure, power, etc. ), then I ought to do such and such an action. In doing so I would be acting on what Kant calls a hypothetical imperative. However, Kant has already ruled out ends as the grounds for moral obligation; thus hypothetical imperatives cannot serve as the basis for determining my moral duty. However, if I act on a principle which has the form, In circumstances of such and such a character, I ought to. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2680987327949226939.post-20836307835103032592019-11-15T03:10:00.001-08:002019-11-15T03:10:04.710-08:00Lessons Found in Beauty and the Beast Essay -- Fairytales Essays BeautLessons Found in Beauty and the Beast à à à à à Once upon a time? à à à à à The classic opener for any fairy tale, which is no different in the case of Beauty and the Beast. Fairy tales were meant to teach our children life lessons that society, at the time, deems important to learn. They teach us the difference between right and wrong, black and white, good and bad, light and dark, and beautiful and ugly. There are many different variations and names to Beauty and the Beast. This famous fable has been passed down and integrated into our culture time and time again, each time adding different lessons that were thought to be important in that day and age. What has changed over the years? How have the fairy tales of Beauty and the Beast affected the children of yesterday, today and tomorrow? I hope to show how fairy tales, more importantly Beauty and the Beast, is helpful to children in many ways, but mostly by teaching them the way that they should act in society. There are three very important lessons that Beauty and the Beast teaches us. First, and probably, the biggest one, is that beauty is only skin deep. It is what is on the inside that counts. Second, which ties in with the first lesson is, don't be too greedy because you will only be looking for the beauty on the out side. Finally, do unto others as you would have done to you, this will make you beautiful on the inside were it counts. In this paper I am going to take a look at two versions of Beauty and the Beast. Although The Lady and the Lion and Beauty and the Beast are very different, the base story is there. True beauty is determined by what is on the inside and not on the outside. In addition vanity and riches will not make you happy. Finally, to be truly beautiful you must treat people how you would want to be treated. Before I get into those versions of Beauty and the Beast, I want to talk about those who don?t think this fairy tale should be seen or heard by children. One version of this tale is by none other than Disney. Kathi Maio said, ?Disney?s version features a beast who looks ugly and acts even uglier? What a heart-warming fable! Why it?s a regular training film for the battered women of tomorrow!? (194). At first I thought, wow she has issues, but when I looked deeper I found what she meant. Not to say that I agree with her by any means. It is a fairy tale for a reason! These things... ...because of the fear that fairies will come after me and turn me into a beast or a statue. (Which if you think about it would be very scary, seeing a something with wings and a wand flying at you.) I just feel that if you want to be treated well, you should treat others well. This was most likely imbedded into me through fairy tales just like Beauty and the Beast. As you can see from only two very short versions of this fairy tale that the values in it are virtues that we should all have. This fairy tale has been passed down for many generations and with each year it grows and adapts to society, but the bases for this story stay true. You can?t judge a book by its cover. The truth is it is what is on the inside that counts, which leads to the next lesson; that being greedy will not make you happy. For everything you get that you think will make you happy, you will only find that you are unhappier than before. This flows nicely into the golden rule. Do unto others as you would have done to you, and this will bring you true happiness. I believe that this is a great fairy tale and the values it teaches are even better. My children will know the story of Beauty and the Beast well. fhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01373569269933068299noreply@blogger.com0