The United States and Japan After World War II

After suffering devastating casualties at each others hands during World War II, the U.S. and Japan were able to forge a strong postwar diplomatic alliance. The U.S. State Department still refers to the American-Japanese relationship as the cornerstone of U.S. security interests in Asia and . . . fundamental to regional stability and prosperity. The Pacific half of World War II, which began with Japans attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941, ended almost four years later when Japan surrendered to American-led Allies on September 2, 1945. The surrender came after the United States had dropped two atomic bombs on Japan. Japan lost some 3 million people in the war. Immediate Post-War Relations The victorious allies put Japan under international control. U.S. General Douglas MacArthur was the supreme commander for the reconstruction of Japan. Goals for reconstruction were democratic self-government, economic stability, and peaceful Japanese co-existence with the community of nations. The United States allowed Japan to keep its emperor —  Hirohito  Ã¢â‚¬â€ after the war. However, Hirohito had to renounce his divinity and publicly support Japans new constitution. Japans U.S.-approved constitution granted full freedoms to its citizen, created a congress — or Diet, and renounced Japans ability to make war. That provision, Article 9 of the constitution, was obviously an American mandate and reaction to the war. It read, Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as a mean of settling international disputes. In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized. Japans post-war constitution became official on May 3, 1947, and Japanese citizens elected a new legislature. The U.S. and other allies signed a peace treaty in San Francisco formally ending the war in 1951. Security Agreement With a constitution that would not permit Japan to defend itself, the U.S. had to take on that responsibility. Communist threats in the Cold War were very real, and U.S. troops had already used Japan as a base from which to fight communist aggression in Korea. Thus, the United States orchestrated the first of a series of security agreements with Japan. Simultaneous with the San Francisco treaty, Japan and the United States signed their first security treaty. In the treaty, Japan allowed the United States to base army, navy, and air force personnel in Japan for its defense. In 1954, the Diet began creating Japanese ground, air, and sea self-defense forces. The JDSFs are essentially part of local police forces due to the constitutional restrictions. Nevertheless, they have completed missions with American forces in the Middle East as part of the War on Terror.​ The United States also began returning parts of the Japanese islands back to Japan for territorial control. It did so gradually, returning part of the Ryukyu islands in 1953, the Bonins in 1968, and Okinawa in 1972. Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security In 1960, the United States and Japan signed the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. The treaty allows the U.S. to keep forces in Japan. Incidents of American servicemen raping Japanese children in 1995 and 2008 led to heated calls for the reduction of American troop presence in Okinawa. In 2009, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Japanese Foreign Minister Hirofumi Nakasone signed the Guam International Agreement (GIA). The agreement called for the removal of 8,000 U.S. troops to a base in Guam. Security Consultative Meeting In 2011, Clinton and U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates met with Japanese delegates, reaffirming the U.S.-Japanese military alliance. The Security Consultative Meeting, according to the State Department, outlined regional and global common strategic objectives and highlighted ways to strengthen security and defense cooperation. Other Global Initiatives Both the United States and Japan belong to a variety of global organizations, including the United Nations, World Trade Organization, G20, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperative (APEC). Both have worked together on such issues as HIV/AIDS and global warming.

Major Figures and Events in African History

Essay on Aboriginals in Residential School Systems

Adam Migchels Migchels 1 Sociology 101 Barry McClinchey November 7, 2012 Aboriginals In Residential Schools In today’s society, the residential school system is a place where young children are not only taught math and science, but also about equality and discrimination. However, a lot has changed since the residential school system was first introduced in Canada. It was once a place where teachers treated students differently depending upon their gender, and what their background was; in particular, Aboriginals were treated very poorly (Marcuse et al., 1993). Sociologists have many views on the topic of Aboriginal treatment in schools, and throughout this essay, the ideas of gender assumptions, socialization†¦show more content†¦So therefore, the socialization agent education would force these children out of their culture, which would largely affect another socialization agent, family. The influence these children got from their education was so controversial to the influence from their family because they were being taught two different ways of life (Marcuse et al., 1993). Once again, the conflict theory is demonstrated because the power that the Caucasians have is shown by the way they force their ways on the Aboriginals. Finally, the Aboriginals were treated with vast amounts of social inequality. In particular, the idea of social stratification is largely visible when it comes to looking at how the Aboriginals were treated in the school system. Social inequality occurs when a person’s attributes affect their access to socially valued resources (McClinchey 2012). Social stratification is a hierarchy that exists among social classes of people (McClinchey, 2012). Obviously the background that the Aboriginals have is the reason for them being discriminated against by the Caucasian people, and the Caucasian Migchels 4 people’s reasoning comes from their knowledge of the social stratification. In particular, from the movie, it was shown that the entire culture of the Aboriginals was trying to be destroyed (Marcuse et al., 1993). TheyShow MoreRelatedA Residential School Legacy1002 Words   |  5 PagesA Residential School Legacy From the late 1800s to the 1980s, more than 100,000 First Nations children in Canada attended residential schools (Llewellyn, 2008, p. 258).2 To attend these schools, children were taken away from their families and communities. At the schools, the children suffered from emotional, physical, sexual and spiritual abuse (Steckley amp; Cummins, 2001, p. 191). The worst abuses were often used as punishment for speaking their indigenous languages (Petten, 2007, p. 22). TheRead MoreThe Impacts of the Residential School System on the Aboriginal People of Canada1017 Words   |  4 Pagesdiversity in nature. This alone poses a distinct challenge to understanding a unified conception of Aboriginal Geographies of Canada - particularly for understanding the Geographies of The Canadian Residential Schools System (RSS). The Canadian Residential School System was an early government led approach to Indigenous ‘development’. It was initially implemented to educate the ‘uncivilise d’ Aboriginal populations of Canada as a way to assimilate Indigenous people into the colonial settler populationRead MoreTruth, Reconciliation, Healing : A Curriculum1478 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper brings together the two perspectives of residential school abuse and the viewpoint of healing. Intergenerational effects have been created due to residential school and have devastating impacts on Aboriginal communities. 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In other words sinceRead MoreOut Of The Depths Shines A Light On Residential Schools1395 Words   |  6 PagesIsabelle Knockwood’s novel Out of The Depths shines a light on Residential Schools in Canada through the first hand accounts of twenty-seven survivors who attended the Shubenacadie Indian Residential S chool. Although Knockwood’s compilation of accounts are all from students of one residential school, the treatments and experiences echo the sentiments of students and authors over a much greater area. The affects of Residential Schools have had a lasting impact, affecting communities and individualRead MoreThe Aboriginal Quality Of Life Within Canada1259 Words   |  6 Pages When discussing the Aboriginal quality of life within Canada there are several issues that come to mind, such as health, education, housing and our Canadian-Indigenous relationship (First Ministers And National Aboriginal Leaders, 2005, p. 1). However, many times Canadians neglect to distinguish the root of the issue. While residential schools may be addressed and looked upon historically, the traumas and effects are still particularly palpable for many Indigenous communities. For this reason, itRead MoreFirst Nation or Aboriginal People of Canada Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesCanada; the ones that are called First Nation people, or Aboriginals? What is the government doing for them? Why are First Nations people suffering the worst in Canada? â€Å"55.6% of the poor are aboriginals and a lot of them live in reserves around Canada that Canadian government have put them in. For those who leave the reserves to get a better living the suffer from racism from Canadian society† (â€Å"Aboriginal†). This essay will argue that aboriginals are treated unethically from a catholic perspectiveRead MoreResidential Schools, a Legacy of Shame2808 Words   |  12 Pagestreated as sub-humans; savages with no religion, intelligence, or right to live. This general idea has carried through-out the history of our supposedly great country; Canada. This essay will examine the residential school system in depth. It will then relate the Canadian Government s actions in response to residential schools, good and bad. From the late nineteenth century until well into the twentieth century, the Government of Canada worked vigorously to enforce their legislative war against IndiannessRead MoreResidential School Vs. Residential Schools1463 Words   |  6 Pageswithin the first nations course was residential schools, and how they were one of many elements to the colonization of the First Nations peoples. When in class talking about residential schools could be summed up with discussing displacement and how the Europeans would take indigenous children to schools far from their homes, cut their hair, and feed them food they weren t used to. According to Eric Hanson, â€Å"Two primary objectives of the residential school system were to remove and isolate childrenRead MoreHave Aboriginal Canadians Been Victims Of Genocide Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesHave Aboriginal Canadians been victims of genocide? Canada is portrayed as a country of peace and equality, however there is a dark history of genocide that is often forgotten by Canadians. In this essay I would like to explore Canada’s cultural genocide of the aboriginal and first nations people and how it differs from a regular genocide. Genocide is defined as the killing or extermination of a group of people. The word comes from the Greek word geno, which means race. Also the latin word cide

Professional Code of Ethics Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Code of Ethics. Answer: Declaration: I declare that the assignment is based on my own work and that all material previously written or published in any source by any other person has been duly acknowledged in the assignment. I have not submitted this work, or a significant part thereof, previously as part of any academic program. In submitting this assignment I give ACS permission to copy for assessment purposes only. Australian Computer Society Professional Code of Ethics As an ACS member, you must uphold and advance the honor, dignity and effectiveness of being a professional. This entails, in addition to being a good citizen and acting within the law, your conformance to the following ACS values (www.acs.org.au 2018). The Primacy of the Public Interest You will place the interests of the public above those of personal, business or sectional interests. The Enhancement of Quality of Life You will strive to enhance the quality of life of those affected by your work. Honesty You will be honest in your representation of skills, knowledge, services and products. Competence You will work competently and diligently for your stakeholders. Professional Development You will enhance your own professional development, and that of your staff. Professionalism You will enhance the integrity of the ACS and the respect of its members for each other. For the purpose of solving the ethical dilemma the following steps re to be undertaken in accordance with the Mcdonalds Framework Step one: Recognizing the moral conflict Sally is the IT manager and she had given the HAN the responsibility of developing the website for government department of tourism. However She faces a ethical dilemma.In this situation the ethical Dilemma that has been identified is whether Sally should take responsibility for the fault of the website that exposed of the operations of the government or whether she should blame HAN the public servant who was in charge of developing the tourism website. Step Two: Identifying the relevant stakeholders The main stakeholders involved in this given scenario are: Sally, Han, the tourism department of the government. It can be said that Sally in this given scenario had a fiduciary duty to the government as she is employed as the IT manager. By virtue of being the IT manager she has the responsibility of checking the operations of he website. However the website had been developed by Han and therefore Sally impose the liability of the website on Han. Step three: Values involved The values of ACS code of ethics that are involved in this given scenario are (acs.org.au 2018): Honesty Professionalism Competence The values of ACS code of conduct that are involved in this given scenario are (Acs.org.au 2018): Code 1.2.3.c) Honesty Code 1.2.1.a) Primacy of public interest Code 1.2.4f) Competence Code 1.2.1e) Primacy of Public interest Code 1.2.1 c) Primacy of Public interest Step Five: Assessing similar situations The sections of the 180-183 of the Corporations Act 2001 state that the officers of every organization must act in a fair and diligent way and must act in good faith. Thus in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 she must take responsibility of her actions. Step Six: Discussing the decision with relevant people In this case Sally can discuss the dilemma with the relevant stakeholders and which include senior managers, colleagues, friends and family members Step seven: Analysis of the decision in accordance with legal and organizational rules Thus in this case it can be stated that Sally must take responsibility of the fault of the website. Step Eight: The comfort level of the decision In this case Sally must take the responsibility of the fault of website as it would assure her that she acted fairly and in the best interests of the tourism department Bibliography ACS Code of Professional Conduct Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society. (2014). 1st ed. Australian Computer Society Professional Code of Ethics Corporation Act 2001 Acs.org.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. Acs.org.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/rules-and-regulations/Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].